Zinc Supplements
Zinc is found in traces in all tissues, except the bones, teeth, and pancreas which have slightly more amount of zinc. A normal adult contains 1.4-2.5 gm of zinc. Zinc level for adults in plasma or serum is 0.1/100 ml, and in whole blood it is 0.7mg/100 ml.
It is a component of vital enzyme carbonic anhydrase, and other enzymes like several dehydrogenises (alcohol, glutamics, and certain pyridine nucleotide) and pancreatic carboxypeptidase’s. It exists in the body mostly in combination with other constituents.
Zinc Supplements
TruNature Saw Palmetto with Zinc
Saw Palmetto with Zinc, Lycopene and Pumpkin Seed Prostate Health Complex - Extra Strength - 200 Softgels
TruNature Prostate Health Complex contains Lycopene, Pumpkin Seed and Saw Palmetto, nutrients that contain phytonutrients and fatty acids that may help maintain a healthy prostate. New Formula! Extra Strength. One Softgel Per Day.
Function of Zinc in Our Body
• It is an integral and essential element of insulin molecule. It easily forms a compound with insulin, and thus prolongs insulin action. As pancreas is rich in zinc, it helps storage of insulin in the pancreas.
• It promotes growth and sexual maturity, improves immune system and hastens healing of wounds.
• It also helps digestion of protein.
• It is an ideal remedy for fatigue.
• It is also needed to transport Vitamin A to the retina.
Natural Sources of Zinc
Sources of zinc are whole wheat, breakfast cereals, nuts, legumes, animal food, like crabs, sardines, oysters, lean meat, eggs, cheese, and fish.
Daily Requirement of Zinc
The RDA (recommended daily requirement) of 3 mg for infants, 10 mg for children, and 10-15 mg for adults is suggested. Most human diet provides these requirements. Growing children, pregnant and lactating women need more.
Zinc Deficiency
• The deficiency of zinc can cause loss of appetite and taste, alopecia, skin lesions, reduced growth, and dysfunction of reproductive system.
• Its deficiency also leads to hypogonadism, anemia, delayed genital maturation and hepatomegaly.
• Acute zinc efficiency results in mental apathy, diarrhoea, moist eczema, and dermatitis especially around the mouth.
Zinc in Excess
• Excess intake of zinc can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, and damage to the kidneys.
• Too much of zinc can also cause loss of iron and copper in the body.
Friday, May 29, 2009
Manganese
Manganese Supplements
The human body contains 10-20 mg of manganese, and is widely distributed in body specially in intestinal track, liver and reproductive organs. It is stored in the blood and liver.
Manganese Supplements
Osteo Bi-Flex Advanced Triple Strength Glucosamine Chondroitin MSM
Osteo Bi-Flex Advanced Triple Strength Glucosamine Chondroitin MSM with Joint Shield, Vitamin C and Manganese Plus Boron - 280 Easy to Swallow Tablets
Osteo Bi-Flex promotes joint flexibility, comfort and range of motion by helping to support joint and cartilage health over time. Osteo Bi-Flex® supplies the scientifically researched ingredients, Glucosamine and Chondroitin, at the most popular levels to help maintain and renew cartilage and joints.Plus Osteo Bi Flex contains added nutrients for joint health: Vitamin C, Boron and Manganese.
Function of Manganese in Our Body
• It helps the synthesis of haemoglobin, like copper but on a lesser degree.
• A combination, of iron, copper, and manganese is given to treat hypochronic anaemia.
• It has a role in normal reproductive physiology and producing more milk and nursing mothers.
• Manganese ions activate many enzymes and helps in proper utilization of vitamin B and E.
• It is helpful in diabetes as it increases tolerance.
• Manganese as a component of different enzymes helps metabolise carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
• It helps in combination with Choline, in digestion and utilization of fat.
• Manganese nourishes the brain and nerves which helps in right coordination between brain, nerves and muscles in every part of the body.
Natural Sources of Manganese
Sources of manganese are whole grain bran, seeds, nuts, shell-fish, organ meats and black tea.
Daily requirement of Manganese
The RDA (recommended daily allowance) of 1.5 mg for Children and 2 to 5 mg for adults is recommended. Normal mixed diet contains about 2 mg, which is enough.
Manganese Deficiency
• Its deficiency result is poor growth, digestive disorders, and abnormal bone formation.
• On prolonged deficiency it may also affect fertility, and cause impotence in men.
The human body contains 10-20 mg of manganese, and is widely distributed in body specially in intestinal track, liver and reproductive organs. It is stored in the blood and liver.
Manganese Supplements
Osteo Bi-Flex Advanced Triple Strength Glucosamine Chondroitin MSM
Osteo Bi-Flex Advanced Triple Strength Glucosamine Chondroitin MSM with Joint Shield, Vitamin C and Manganese Plus Boron - 280 Easy to Swallow Tablets
Osteo Bi-Flex promotes joint flexibility, comfort and range of motion by helping to support joint and cartilage health over time. Osteo Bi-Flex® supplies the scientifically researched ingredients, Glucosamine and Chondroitin, at the most popular levels to help maintain and renew cartilage and joints.Plus Osteo Bi Flex contains added nutrients for joint health: Vitamin C, Boron and Manganese.
Function of Manganese in Our Body
• It helps the synthesis of haemoglobin, like copper but on a lesser degree.
• A combination, of iron, copper, and manganese is given to treat hypochronic anaemia.
• It has a role in normal reproductive physiology and producing more milk and nursing mothers.
• Manganese ions activate many enzymes and helps in proper utilization of vitamin B and E.
• It is helpful in diabetes as it increases tolerance.
• Manganese as a component of different enzymes helps metabolise carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
• It helps in combination with Choline, in digestion and utilization of fat.
• Manganese nourishes the brain and nerves which helps in right coordination between brain, nerves and muscles in every part of the body.
Natural Sources of Manganese
Sources of manganese are whole grain bran, seeds, nuts, shell-fish, organ meats and black tea.
Daily requirement of Manganese
The RDA (recommended daily allowance) of 1.5 mg for Children and 2 to 5 mg for adults is recommended. Normal mixed diet contains about 2 mg, which is enough.
Manganese Deficiency
• Its deficiency result is poor growth, digestive disorders, and abnormal bone formation.
• On prolonged deficiency it may also affect fertility, and cause impotence in men.
Iodine
Iodine Supplements
Iodine is am important trace element for healthy thyroid gland, which kills harmful germs, makes up it own hormone (thyroxin) and rebuilds energy. It is required for the synthesis of the thyroxin hormones-thyroxin and triodothyronine. It is present in the secretions of thyroid gland.
The iodine metabolism is controlled by thyroid. Iodine is an essential life. The total quantity in body is 25 mg, and half of it is in the thyroid as thyroglobulin, a complex of protein and iodine. About 30% is removed by the thyroid gland for the synthesis of the thyroid hormone, thyroxin, and the rest is excreted by the kidneys. Its concentration in thyroid gland is very high as compared to that in muscles and blood.
Iodine Supplements
The Breath of Life Lugol's Iodine Solution
The Breath of Life Lugol's Iodine Solution(2 oz.)
Lugol's taken internally in addition to replenishing the thyroid, also brings amazing relief and a calming, soothing, peaceful state to anxiety and a manic stage. It destroys vicious stomach bacteria, (especially salmonella), against gas, bloating, indigestion, heartburn.
Functions of Iodine in Our Body
• It reduces tension, keeps body and mind calm, and keeps skin, hair, teeth, nail etc in healthy condition and form.
• It helps in the chemical synthesis of cholesterol, thus checking its build up in arteries.
• It also burn extra fat in the body.
• It increases the heart rate as well as urinary calcium excretion.
Natural Sources of Iodine
Iodine is available in traces in water, food, common salts. Iodine found in sea-water is 0.2 mg per litre. Sea weeds and spongy shells are very rich in Iodine. The best sources are sea fish, ser salt, green vegetables and leaves like spinach grown on iodine rich soil. The common sources are milk, meat, and cereals. About 90% of the Iodine intake is obtained from the food consumed, and the remainder from the water. Common salt fortified with small quantities of sodium or potassium iodate is now compulsorily made available in the market as Iodised Salt to check goitre.
Daily Requirement of Iodine
The RDA (recommended daily allowance) is 80 mcg for children and 150 mcg for adults. The requirement for growing children, pregnant and lactating women is more.
Iodine Deficiency
• Iodine deficiency leads to enlargement of thyroid gland known as simple goitre, and swelling of feet or toes, enlarged glands, excessive hunger, neuralgic pains in the heart etc.
• Its deficiency may also causes deafness, and poor learning.
• Iodine deficiency or total loss will affect our mental and physical activity, obesity, and hardening of blood vessels.
• A dietary lack of iodine may cause anemia, tiredness, laziness, loss of interest in sex, a slow pulse, low blood pressure, and high blood cholesterol/triglyceride leading to heart disease.
• In children lack of iodine may lead to mental retardation, enlarged thyroid gland, defective speech, and clumsy gait is created. His skin is rough, and hair sparse, with brittle nails, bad teeth, and anaemic.
Iodine is am important trace element for healthy thyroid gland, which kills harmful germs, makes up it own hormone (thyroxin) and rebuilds energy. It is required for the synthesis of the thyroxin hormones-thyroxin and triodothyronine. It is present in the secretions of thyroid gland.
The iodine metabolism is controlled by thyroid. Iodine is an essential life. The total quantity in body is 25 mg, and half of it is in the thyroid as thyroglobulin, a complex of protein and iodine. About 30% is removed by the thyroid gland for the synthesis of the thyroid hormone, thyroxin, and the rest is excreted by the kidneys. Its concentration in thyroid gland is very high as compared to that in muscles and blood.
Iodine Supplements
The Breath of Life Lugol's Iodine Solution
The Breath of Life Lugol's Iodine Solution(2 oz.)
Lugol's taken internally in addition to replenishing the thyroid, also brings amazing relief and a calming, soothing, peaceful state to anxiety and a manic stage. It destroys vicious stomach bacteria, (especially salmonella), against gas, bloating, indigestion, heartburn.
Functions of Iodine in Our Body
• It reduces tension, keeps body and mind calm, and keeps skin, hair, teeth, nail etc in healthy condition and form.
• It helps in the chemical synthesis of cholesterol, thus checking its build up in arteries.
• It also burn extra fat in the body.
• It increases the heart rate as well as urinary calcium excretion.
Natural Sources of Iodine
Iodine is available in traces in water, food, common salts. Iodine found in sea-water is 0.2 mg per litre. Sea weeds and spongy shells are very rich in Iodine. The best sources are sea fish, ser salt, green vegetables and leaves like spinach grown on iodine rich soil. The common sources are milk, meat, and cereals. About 90% of the Iodine intake is obtained from the food consumed, and the remainder from the water. Common salt fortified with small quantities of sodium or potassium iodate is now compulsorily made available in the market as Iodised Salt to check goitre.
Daily Requirement of Iodine
The RDA (recommended daily allowance) is 80 mcg for children and 150 mcg for adults. The requirement for growing children, pregnant and lactating women is more.
Iodine Deficiency
• Iodine deficiency leads to enlargement of thyroid gland known as simple goitre, and swelling of feet or toes, enlarged glands, excessive hunger, neuralgic pains in the heart etc.
• Its deficiency may also causes deafness, and poor learning.
• Iodine deficiency or total loss will affect our mental and physical activity, obesity, and hardening of blood vessels.
• A dietary lack of iodine may cause anemia, tiredness, laziness, loss of interest in sex, a slow pulse, low blood pressure, and high blood cholesterol/triglyceride leading to heart disease.
• In children lack of iodine may lead to mental retardation, enlarged thyroid gland, defective speech, and clumsy gait is created. His skin is rough, and hair sparse, with brittle nails, bad teeth, and anaemic.
Calcium
Calcium Supplements
Calcium is the most important and largely required mineral in the Dietary Sources body. It is a white, malleable, metallic element and is found in the body as calcium carbonate, its compounds like calcium sulphate, calcium fluoride, and calcium phosphate.
Its absorption gets retarded with lot of fat, oxalic acid, and phytic acid in the diet. In the absence of Vitamin D there is decreased absorption of calcium from the food and also decreased level of phosphate in blood.
Calcium Supplements
Citracal Calcium Citrate - Calcium with Vitamin D
Citracal Calcium Citrate - Calcium with Vitamin D - 200 Caplets
Citracal - Calcium Citrate with Vitamin D is unique because it is calcium citrate, a highly soluble and absorbable form of calcium that allows the active calcium to be absorbed into your blood. Citracal+D can help protect you from osteoporosis. Its action can limit bone breakdown and protect against developing thin and brittle bones.
Nature Made Calcium Tablets with Vitamin D, 500 mg, 300-Count Bottles (Pack of 2)
Nature Made Calcium Tablets with Vitamin D, 500 mg, 300-Count Bottles (Pack of 2)
Nature Made Calcium Tablets with Vitamin D helps build strong bones and may help prevent Osteoporosis. Vitamin D stimulates the absorption of calcium; contains 50% RDA of Calcium and 50% 0f Vitamin D per tablet serving. Pack of two bottles, each bottle containing 300 bone-strengthening calcium tablets with 500 milligrams of Vitamin D (600 total tablets).
Function of Calcium in Our Body
• It is essential for strong teeth and healthy bones.
• Ionic calcium greatly helps in blood clotting, by acting as a cofactor in the coagulation process.
• Taking calcium reduces the risk of developing polyps which may be a precursor to cancer.
• It helps in blood clotting, maintaining nerve and muscle function.
Natural Sources of Calcium
Diary products like milk, curd, yoghurt and cheese are the best sources of calcium. Other important sources are spinach, fenugreek leaves, mustard leaves, dry figs, almonds, whole meal bread/flour, potatoes, dried apricot, citrus, celery, parsley, certain fish like pomfret, and fruits.
Other calcium rich items are bran cereals, breads, ragi, sea same seeds, pulses, rajmah, soyabean, poppy seed, dry, coconut, vegetables and fruits, and drink enough water (at least eight glasses a day).
Daily requirement of Calcium
The RDA (recommended daily allowance) is 400 to 500 mg of calcium for children and adults. For menopausal women, who do not take estrogen, it will be 1000 to 15000 mg of calcium.
Unfortunately, calcium tablets by themselves are barely absorbed and the calcium is excreted in the urine unutilized. So take the calcium supplement along with the vitamin D which is available in oily fish, fortified cereals, or exposure to sunlight.
The magnesium deficiency reduces the calcium levels. The ideal calcium to magnesium ratio is 2:1 for effective absorption. Natural sources of magnesium are green leafy vegetables, peanuts, soyabean and millets that are its rich sources.
The excess of calcium can cause kidney damage, constipation, nausea, excessive thirst, abdominal pain and general confusion.
Calcium Deficiency
• Calcium deficiency may cause back pain and low back pain.
• Calcium deficient persons become lazy, pale, and more sensitive to cold weather.
• Its deficiency also leads to irritability, fatigue, erratic behavior, emotional upsets flightiness and nervous tensions.
• Its deficiency also causes sweating around the head even during cold weather, porous and fragile bones, tooth decay, heart palpitations, muscle cramps, and insomnia.
• Women suffering from calcium deficiency may have problems like PMS, urinary infection, vaginal dryness and painful intercourse.
• Young girl’s suffering from calcium deficiency may have problems like delayed puberty, irregular menstruation, excessive bleeding with crampy pain, and anemia.
Calcium is the most important and largely required mineral in the Dietary Sources body. It is a white, malleable, metallic element and is found in the body as calcium carbonate, its compounds like calcium sulphate, calcium fluoride, and calcium phosphate.
Its absorption gets retarded with lot of fat, oxalic acid, and phytic acid in the diet. In the absence of Vitamin D there is decreased absorption of calcium from the food and also decreased level of phosphate in blood.
Calcium Supplements
Citracal Calcium Citrate - Calcium with Vitamin D
Citracal Calcium Citrate - Calcium with Vitamin D - 200 Caplets
Citracal - Calcium Citrate with Vitamin D is unique because it is calcium citrate, a highly soluble and absorbable form of calcium that allows the active calcium to be absorbed into your blood. Citracal+D can help protect you from osteoporosis. Its action can limit bone breakdown and protect against developing thin and brittle bones.
Nature Made Calcium Tablets with Vitamin D, 500 mg, 300-Count Bottles (Pack of 2)
Nature Made Calcium Tablets with Vitamin D, 500 mg, 300-Count Bottles (Pack of 2)
Nature Made Calcium Tablets with Vitamin D helps build strong bones and may help prevent Osteoporosis. Vitamin D stimulates the absorption of calcium; contains 50% RDA of Calcium and 50% 0f Vitamin D per tablet serving. Pack of two bottles, each bottle containing 300 bone-strengthening calcium tablets with 500 milligrams of Vitamin D (600 total tablets).
Function of Calcium in Our Body
• It is essential for strong teeth and healthy bones.
• Ionic calcium greatly helps in blood clotting, by acting as a cofactor in the coagulation process.
• Taking calcium reduces the risk of developing polyps which may be a precursor to cancer.
• It helps in blood clotting, maintaining nerve and muscle function.
Natural Sources of Calcium
Diary products like milk, curd, yoghurt and cheese are the best sources of calcium. Other important sources are spinach, fenugreek leaves, mustard leaves, dry figs, almonds, whole meal bread/flour, potatoes, dried apricot, citrus, celery, parsley, certain fish like pomfret, and fruits.
Other calcium rich items are bran cereals, breads, ragi, sea same seeds, pulses, rajmah, soyabean, poppy seed, dry, coconut, vegetables and fruits, and drink enough water (at least eight glasses a day).
Daily requirement of Calcium
The RDA (recommended daily allowance) is 400 to 500 mg of calcium for children and adults. For menopausal women, who do not take estrogen, it will be 1000 to 15000 mg of calcium.
Unfortunately, calcium tablets by themselves are barely absorbed and the calcium is excreted in the urine unutilized. So take the calcium supplement along with the vitamin D which is available in oily fish, fortified cereals, or exposure to sunlight.
The magnesium deficiency reduces the calcium levels. The ideal calcium to magnesium ratio is 2:1 for effective absorption. Natural sources of magnesium are green leafy vegetables, peanuts, soyabean and millets that are its rich sources.
The excess of calcium can cause kidney damage, constipation, nausea, excessive thirst, abdominal pain and general confusion.
Calcium Deficiency
• Calcium deficiency may cause back pain and low back pain.
• Calcium deficient persons become lazy, pale, and more sensitive to cold weather.
• Its deficiency also leads to irritability, fatigue, erratic behavior, emotional upsets flightiness and nervous tensions.
• Its deficiency also causes sweating around the head even during cold weather, porous and fragile bones, tooth decay, heart palpitations, muscle cramps, and insomnia.
• Women suffering from calcium deficiency may have problems like PMS, urinary infection, vaginal dryness and painful intercourse.
• Young girl’s suffering from calcium deficiency may have problems like delayed puberty, irregular menstruation, excessive bleeding with crampy pain, and anemia.
Magnesium
Magnesium Supplements
Magnesium is an essential element necessary for the oxidative phosphorylation enzymes. It is essential for the normal metabolism of calcium and potassium. It is a constituent of bones in combination with phosphate and carbonate, and is present in all body cells.
Magnesium Supplements
Cardiovascular Research Magnesium Taurate
Cardiovascular Research Magnesium Taurate, 180 capsules
Magnesium Taurate is a scientifically-designed amino acid-mineral complex which insures maximal bioavailability of the essential macromineral, magnesium. Magnesium Taurate is a fully reacted complex and not simply a blend of the two materials. Unlike some other magnesium preparations, magnesium taurate does not cause gastrointestinal upset.
Twinlab Magnesium Caps
Twinlab Magnesium Caps, 400 mg, 200 Capsules (Pack of 3)
Dietary supplement. Natural. High potency. Twinlab Magnesium Caps are easier to swallow and assimilate. Well tolerated by most highly allergic individuals. No tablet binders, coatings or colorings. Free of the most common allergens such as corn, soy, yeast, rice, barley, wheat, lactose (milk sugar), and all milk, citrus, fish and egg products.
Functions of Magnesium in Our Body
Various functions of magnesium in our body are:
• Magnesium ions activate the enzyme phosphatase, which accelerates the action of bone phosphatase.
• Magnesium activates muscles phosphatase, and as a member of a complex coenzyme system takes part in the chemical changes underlying muscular contraction.
• Magnesium helps formations of bone and teeth.
• The distribution and function of magnesium ion is generally antagonistic to that of calcium ion.
• Helps in utilization of Vitamin B and E, and functions with minerals calcium, sodium, and potassium to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance.
• Helps in production of lecithin, which checks cholesterol and atherosclerosis.
• Helps in preventing calcium deposits in kidneys and gallstones.
• Magnesium is necessary for normal neuromuscular contractions.
• Magnesium along with vitamin B-6 or pyridoxine is effective in prevention and treatment of kidney stones.
Natural Sources of Magnesium
Soyabean, leafy vegetables, and nuts are good sources of magnesium. Hard water has high magnesium content in it whereas milk is a poor source.
Daily Requirement of Magnesium
The RDA (recommended daily allowance) for infants is 40 mg during first 6 months, 60 mg in the second 6 months, and later at the rate of 3.0-4.5 mg/kg weight or 350 mg for adult men and 300 mg for women. Its presence in normal diet is generally enough to meat its requirement in the body.
Magnesium Deficiency
• Prolonged deficiency of magnesium can cause loss of calcium and potassium in body, and consequent their deficiencies.
• The deficiency of magnesium can cause magnesium-tetany, wherein blood magnesium falls, blood cholesterol rises, and the calcium content become very high in the soft tissues, especially in the muscles and the kidneys. It causes vascular disturbances, severe excitability, and lack of energy, increased or decreased reflexes, convulsions and untimely death.
Magnesium is an essential element necessary for the oxidative phosphorylation enzymes. It is essential for the normal metabolism of calcium and potassium. It is a constituent of bones in combination with phosphate and carbonate, and is present in all body cells.
Magnesium Supplements
Cardiovascular Research Magnesium Taurate
Cardiovascular Research Magnesium Taurate, 180 capsules
Magnesium Taurate is a scientifically-designed amino acid-mineral complex which insures maximal bioavailability of the essential macromineral, magnesium. Magnesium Taurate is a fully reacted complex and not simply a blend of the two materials. Unlike some other magnesium preparations, magnesium taurate does not cause gastrointestinal upset.
Twinlab Magnesium Caps
Twinlab Magnesium Caps, 400 mg, 200 Capsules (Pack of 3)
Dietary supplement. Natural. High potency. Twinlab Magnesium Caps are easier to swallow and assimilate. Well tolerated by most highly allergic individuals. No tablet binders, coatings or colorings. Free of the most common allergens such as corn, soy, yeast, rice, barley, wheat, lactose (milk sugar), and all milk, citrus, fish and egg products.
Functions of Magnesium in Our Body
Various functions of magnesium in our body are:
• Magnesium ions activate the enzyme phosphatase, which accelerates the action of bone phosphatase.
• Magnesium activates muscles phosphatase, and as a member of a complex coenzyme system takes part in the chemical changes underlying muscular contraction.
• Magnesium helps formations of bone and teeth.
• The distribution and function of magnesium ion is generally antagonistic to that of calcium ion.
• Helps in utilization of Vitamin B and E, and functions with minerals calcium, sodium, and potassium to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance.
• Helps in production of lecithin, which checks cholesterol and atherosclerosis.
• Helps in preventing calcium deposits in kidneys and gallstones.
• Magnesium is necessary for normal neuromuscular contractions.
• Magnesium along with vitamin B-6 or pyridoxine is effective in prevention and treatment of kidney stones.
Natural Sources of Magnesium
Soyabean, leafy vegetables, and nuts are good sources of magnesium. Hard water has high magnesium content in it whereas milk is a poor source.
Daily Requirement of Magnesium
The RDA (recommended daily allowance) for infants is 40 mg during first 6 months, 60 mg in the second 6 months, and later at the rate of 3.0-4.5 mg/kg weight or 350 mg for adult men and 300 mg for women. Its presence in normal diet is generally enough to meat its requirement in the body.
Magnesium Deficiency
• Prolonged deficiency of magnesium can cause loss of calcium and potassium in body, and consequent their deficiencies.
• The deficiency of magnesium can cause magnesium-tetany, wherein blood magnesium falls, blood cholesterol rises, and the calcium content become very high in the soft tissues, especially in the muscles and the kidneys. It causes vascular disturbances, severe excitability, and lack of energy, increased or decreased reflexes, convulsions and untimely death.
Fluorine
Fluorine Sources, Functions and Deficiency
Fluorine is one the most active element of halogen group. It belongs to the same group of elements as bromine, chlorine, and iodine. It is never found free in nature. In the body, it is found in combination with other constituents of the body. Natural water contains 3-12 mg of Fluoride per litre.
Ingested fluorides are completely ionized and rapidly absorbed, and distributed throughout the extra cellular fluid. The level is too low in blood and tissues. It is rapidly excreted in the urine.
Functions of Fluorine in Our Body
• Fluorine is essential for the normal mineralization of bones and the formation of dental enamel. Thus 96% of the Fluoride in the body is found in bones and teeth. The Fluorine and Calcium has strong affinity between them and work together, mainly in the outer parts of bones.
• Fluorine prevents dental caries, by reducing the solubility of the enamel in acids produced by bacteria. A very small amount of it may help in development of tooth, but excess of it causes dental fluorosis-endemic areas.
Natural Sources of Fluorine
The Fluorine is found in traces in water, and food. Sea food, cheese, and tea are good sources.
Daily Requirement of Fluorine
The safe and adequate RDA (recommended daily allowance) of Fluoride in the diet is 0.25 mg for children and 1.5 to 4.0 mg for adults. On an average we ingest about 1 mg of Fluoride daily from drinking water, and 0.25-0.35 mg from the diet. The drinking water should not contain more than 1-2 mg of Fluoride per litre.
In case of excessive content defluoridation of water should be done by adding two chemicals lime and alum in sequence followed by flocculation, sedimentation and filtration. Prolonged drinking of water containing Fluorine over 10 ppm, or handling of fluoride containing minerals can cause Fluorine intoxication, leading to pathological changes like increased density and hyper calcification of the bones.
Fluorine is one the most active element of halogen group. It belongs to the same group of elements as bromine, chlorine, and iodine. It is never found free in nature. In the body, it is found in combination with other constituents of the body. Natural water contains 3-12 mg of Fluoride per litre.
Ingested fluorides are completely ionized and rapidly absorbed, and distributed throughout the extra cellular fluid. The level is too low in blood and tissues. It is rapidly excreted in the urine.
Functions of Fluorine in Our Body
• Fluorine is essential for the normal mineralization of bones and the formation of dental enamel. Thus 96% of the Fluoride in the body is found in bones and teeth. The Fluorine and Calcium has strong affinity between them and work together, mainly in the outer parts of bones.
• Fluorine prevents dental caries, by reducing the solubility of the enamel in acids produced by bacteria. A very small amount of it may help in development of tooth, but excess of it causes dental fluorosis-endemic areas.
Natural Sources of Fluorine
The Fluorine is found in traces in water, and food. Sea food, cheese, and tea are good sources.
Daily Requirement of Fluorine
The safe and adequate RDA (recommended daily allowance) of Fluoride in the diet is 0.25 mg for children and 1.5 to 4.0 mg for adults. On an average we ingest about 1 mg of Fluoride daily from drinking water, and 0.25-0.35 mg from the diet. The drinking water should not contain more than 1-2 mg of Fluoride per litre.
In case of excessive content defluoridation of water should be done by adding two chemicals lime and alum in sequence followed by flocculation, sedimentation and filtration. Prolonged drinking of water containing Fluorine over 10 ppm, or handling of fluoride containing minerals can cause Fluorine intoxication, leading to pathological changes like increased density and hyper calcification of the bones.
Chromium
Chromium Supplements
Chromium is present in traces in all organic matter. It is a grayish-white metallic element. Earlier it was considered poisonous for human beings, but now said to be vital health.
Chromium Supplements
Nature Made Chromium Extra Strength
Nature Made Chromium Extra Strength, 350 mcg, 100 Tablets (Pack of 4)
Nature Made Chromium Extra Strength helps insulin function properly and regulates the absorption of glucose into cells.
* No Artificial Colors
* No Artificial Flavors
* No chemical solvents, starch or gluten
* No preservatives
Chromium - 300% more effective than chromium picolinate
Chromium - 300% more effective than chromium picolinate
Chromium helps insulin metabolize fat, turn protein into muscle and convert sugar into energy. In fact, chromium-activated insulin increases the amount of blood sugar available for energy production nearly twenty-fold. A lack of chromium can result in type II diabetes, obesity and heart disease.
* 600% more effective than chromium chloride. 300% more effective than chromium picolinate.
* 100 capsules
* Each capsule contains 200 mcg of chromium.
Functions of Chromium in Our Body
• It prevents diabetes and controls high blood pressure.
• It controls fatty acids and cholesterol synthesis.
• It prevents and delays hardening of arteries.
• It helps to take protein where it is needed and also helps in growth.
• It gets depleted with age, injuries, surgical operations, and strenuous exercise.
Natural Sources of Chromium
Sources of Chromium are nuts, areca nut, betel leaves, mushrooms, beer, liver, cereals (whole), shellfish, brewer’s yeast, corn oil etc.
Daily Requirements of Chromium
The RDA (recommended daily allowance) is 5 - 200 mcg for an adult. It can be 10-60 mcg for infants, and 20 - 200 mcg for children.
Chromium Deficiency
• Its deficiency may cause poor glucose tolerance leading to diabetes.
• Its deficiency may also lead to atherosclerosis and protein-energy malnutrition.
Chromium is present in traces in all organic matter. It is a grayish-white metallic element. Earlier it was considered poisonous for human beings, but now said to be vital health.
Chromium Supplements
Nature Made Chromium Extra Strength
Nature Made Chromium Extra Strength, 350 mcg, 100 Tablets (Pack of 4)
Nature Made Chromium Extra Strength helps insulin function properly and regulates the absorption of glucose into cells.
* No Artificial Colors
* No Artificial Flavors
* No chemical solvents, starch or gluten
* No preservatives
Chromium - 300% more effective than chromium picolinate
Chromium - 300% more effective than chromium picolinate
Chromium helps insulin metabolize fat, turn protein into muscle and convert sugar into energy. In fact, chromium-activated insulin increases the amount of blood sugar available for energy production nearly twenty-fold. A lack of chromium can result in type II diabetes, obesity and heart disease.
* 600% more effective than chromium chloride. 300% more effective than chromium picolinate.
* 100 capsules
* Each capsule contains 200 mcg of chromium.
Functions of Chromium in Our Body
• It prevents diabetes and controls high blood pressure.
• It controls fatty acids and cholesterol synthesis.
• It prevents and delays hardening of arteries.
• It helps to take protein where it is needed and also helps in growth.
• It gets depleted with age, injuries, surgical operations, and strenuous exercise.
Natural Sources of Chromium
Sources of Chromium are nuts, areca nut, betel leaves, mushrooms, beer, liver, cereals (whole), shellfish, brewer’s yeast, corn oil etc.
Daily Requirements of Chromium
The RDA (recommended daily allowance) is 5 - 200 mcg for an adult. It can be 10-60 mcg for infants, and 20 - 200 mcg for children.
Chromium Deficiency
• Its deficiency may cause poor glucose tolerance leading to diabetes.
• Its deficiency may also lead to atherosclerosis and protein-energy malnutrition.
Molybdenum
Molybdenum Supplements
Molybdenum is an essential trace element. The content of molybdenum in a plant depends upon the soil. The alkaline or neutral soil plant has higher content of molybdenum as compared to acidic soil. It occurs only in combination with other chemicals in the body. The half of its intake is excreted in urine.
Molybdenum Supplements
Solgar - Chelated Molybdenum
Solgar - Chelated Molybdenum, 100 tablets
Ingredients
Calcium: 85mg, Molybdenum: 150mcg
* Serving Size - 1 tablet
* Does Not Contain: Sugar, salt, starch, corn, yeast, wheat, soy products, preservatives, artificial flavors or colors.
Functions of Molybdenum in Our Body
• It works with several enzymes engaged in sulphur metabolism, uric acid formation, and alcohol detoxification.
• It helps in metabolism of carbohydrates and fats.
• It is essential for the synthesis of haemoglobin and absorption of iron.
• It promotes general well-being, and is beneficial in prevention of anaemia.
Natural Sources of Molybdenum
Molybdenum is mainly found in whole grains, pulses, legumes, leafy vegetables, and nuts. In fact item rich in protein and iron are also rich source of molybdenum.
Daily Requirement of Molybdenum
The RDA of 250 mcg for children and 500 mcg for adults is recommended. The normal mixed diet will meet the requirement of molybdenum.
Molybdenum Deficiency
• The deficiency of molybdenum is associated with mouth and oesphageal cancer.
• Its deficiency causes disturbances in iron metabolism, dental caries, and sulphite sensitivity.
Molybdenum in Excess
• Excess absorption of molybdenum has been show to produce bony deformities.
• High intake of molybdenum for prolonged period can cause gout.
Molybdenum is an essential trace element. The content of molybdenum in a plant depends upon the soil. The alkaline or neutral soil plant has higher content of molybdenum as compared to acidic soil. It occurs only in combination with other chemicals in the body. The half of its intake is excreted in urine.
Molybdenum Supplements
Solgar - Chelated Molybdenum
Solgar - Chelated Molybdenum, 100 tablets
Ingredients
Calcium: 85mg, Molybdenum: 150mcg
* Serving Size - 1 tablet
* Does Not Contain: Sugar, salt, starch, corn, yeast, wheat, soy products, preservatives, artificial flavors or colors.
Functions of Molybdenum in Our Body
• It works with several enzymes engaged in sulphur metabolism, uric acid formation, and alcohol detoxification.
• It helps in metabolism of carbohydrates and fats.
• It is essential for the synthesis of haemoglobin and absorption of iron.
• It promotes general well-being, and is beneficial in prevention of anaemia.
Natural Sources of Molybdenum
Molybdenum is mainly found in whole grains, pulses, legumes, leafy vegetables, and nuts. In fact item rich in protein and iron are also rich source of molybdenum.
Daily Requirement of Molybdenum
The RDA of 250 mcg for children and 500 mcg for adults is recommended. The normal mixed diet will meet the requirement of molybdenum.
Molybdenum Deficiency
• The deficiency of molybdenum is associated with mouth and oesphageal cancer.
• Its deficiency causes disturbances in iron metabolism, dental caries, and sulphite sensitivity.
Molybdenum in Excess
• Excess absorption of molybdenum has been show to produce bony deformities.
• High intake of molybdenum for prolonged period can cause gout.
Iron Supplements
Iron Supplements
Iron is of great importance in human nutrition for healthy blood and vitality. Though it is considered as a trace element, it is responsible for oxygen transport and cellular respiration.
Iron is found in the body as
• Iron porphyrins in haemoglobin , myoglobin.
• Iron enzymes in catalase, cytochrome and peroxidases.
• Non-iron porphyrins in transferring, ferritin and haemosiderin.
The total daily iron loss of an adult is less than 1 mg. Iron loss occurs due to loss of blood in haemorrhage, loss integumental tissues, during menstrual period, and pregnance/labour. When red blood cells are broken down, the liberated iron is not excreted, but is reutilized in the formation of new red cells.
Whole blood contains about 45-50 mg of iron per 100 ml. All the red cells contain a total quantity of about 3 gm of iron. The rest of the body contains another 1-3 gm of iron.
Iron is present in blood in two forms as:
• Plasma Iron
• Haemoglobin Iron
The absorption of iron depends upon
• Iron requirement of the individual e.g. increased during growth, anaemia, menstruation pregnancy, haemorrhage, etc.
• Form of iron compound e.g. the inorganic form of ferric available in food is to be first converted into organic ferrous form for best absorption.
• Reaction of the gastro intestinal tract e.g., the acidity of gastric juice helps liberation of iron from organic compounds of diet, and reduction from ferric to ferrous form of iron. Thus absorption is retarded by low gastric acidity, excessive mucus and administration of alkalies.
• Vitamin C and Calcium e.g., Vitamin C helps in reducing the ferric to ferrous state for absorption of iron form food. Small amount of Calcium decreases the formation of insoluble iron phosphates and thus promote absorption, but large amounts of Calcium inhibit assimilation.
• Pigments i.e., Chlorophyll and bile pigments increase the absorption of iron.
Iron Supplements
Slow Fe Slow Release Iron Tablets
Slow Fe Slow Release Iron Tablets 90-Count Box
High Potency. Slow Fe® with its unique controlled delivery system gives you the high potency iron you need with the gentleness you want.
* Gentle to Your System - clinically shown to reduce the side effects (constipation and abdominal discomfort) common to iron use.
* Doctor Preferred Ingredient - Slow Fe contains ferrous sulfate, the ingredient most recommended by doctors.
* Small Tablet - once a day dosage easy-to swallow Slow Fe provides the high dose of iron your body needs.
Formula: Each tablet contains: Active Ingredient - 160 mg. dried ferrous sulfate, SUP, equivalent to 50 mg. elemental iron.
Ferro-Sequels High Potency Iron Supplement Tablets
Ferro-Sequels High Potency Iron Supplement Tablets - 100 each
The effective way to treat iron deficiency. Optimal absorption with less gastric upset. Dual action formula! High potency/Easy to swallow, and they contain low sodium.
Function of Iron in Our Body
Various functions of iron in our body are:
• Formation of haemoglobin (Hb) by synthesis.
• Development of red cells by their formation and maturation.
• Carrying of Oxygen in blood in the form of Hb; 1 gm of Hb carries about 1.34 ml of oxygen.
• Tissue oxidation as cytochrome and indophenol oxidase are iron containing compounds concerned with the oxidation of metabolites in the cells.
• Supply of Oxygen to the muscle, as the myoglobin of muscle is an iron-containing chromoprotein like haeemoglomin, which combines will oxygen and acts as an oxygen store for muscle.
• Cell nucleus function, the chromatin of the nucleus contains iron which takes an active part (may be oxidative) in the functions of nuclei.
• Oxidation in nerve cells, as nissl granules in the cytoplasm of the nerve cells contain organically combined iron, which serves an essential role in oxidation. There granules disappear during activity of the nerve cells, and reappear during rest.
• Prevents fatigue and aids growth. Iron increases resistance to stress and disease.
Natural Sources of Iron
All wholegrain cereals, pulses, legumes, jaggery, fish, and animal foods like egg, liver, meat etc. (except milk, butter), and vegetables like dry lotus stem, cauliflower greens, turnip greens, lentils, peas, green leafy ones and fruits like black currants, water melons, raisins, dried dates are good sources of Iron.
Daily Requirement of Iron
The RDA of 1.0 mg/kg for infants, 20 mg for children, 25 mg for boys, 35 mg for girls, 24 mg for adult men, 32 mg during lactation is suggested. Normal diet provides required need. Adolescent boys/girls, and women during pregnancy and lactation need more of it.
Iron Deficiency
• Iron deficiency causes secondary anaemia (hypochromic), as the haemoglobin content of the red cells is lowered. The size and volume of the red cells get reduced.
• Iron deficient person feel fatigued, lethargic, vulnerable to infections and irritable.
• The deficiency of iron results in lowered resistance to disease, general run out, pale complexion, shortness of breath on exertion, loss of interest in sex, mental depression, and irritability.
• With iron deficiency you might feel colder than others and take time to warm up, as in this condition your body may produce low thyroid hormone (which is one of its heat regulators).
Iron is of great importance in human nutrition for healthy blood and vitality. Though it is considered as a trace element, it is responsible for oxygen transport and cellular respiration.
Iron is found in the body as
• Iron porphyrins in haemoglobin , myoglobin.
• Iron enzymes in catalase, cytochrome and peroxidases.
• Non-iron porphyrins in transferring, ferritin and haemosiderin.
The total daily iron loss of an adult is less than 1 mg. Iron loss occurs due to loss of blood in haemorrhage, loss integumental tissues, during menstrual period, and pregnance/labour. When red blood cells are broken down, the liberated iron is not excreted, but is reutilized in the formation of new red cells.
Whole blood contains about 45-50 mg of iron per 100 ml. All the red cells contain a total quantity of about 3 gm of iron. The rest of the body contains another 1-3 gm of iron.
Iron is present in blood in two forms as:
• Plasma Iron
• Haemoglobin Iron
The absorption of iron depends upon
• Iron requirement of the individual e.g. increased during growth, anaemia, menstruation pregnancy, haemorrhage, etc.
• Form of iron compound e.g. the inorganic form of ferric available in food is to be first converted into organic ferrous form for best absorption.
• Reaction of the gastro intestinal tract e.g., the acidity of gastric juice helps liberation of iron from organic compounds of diet, and reduction from ferric to ferrous form of iron. Thus absorption is retarded by low gastric acidity, excessive mucus and administration of alkalies.
• Vitamin C and Calcium e.g., Vitamin C helps in reducing the ferric to ferrous state for absorption of iron form food. Small amount of Calcium decreases the formation of insoluble iron phosphates and thus promote absorption, but large amounts of Calcium inhibit assimilation.
• Pigments i.e., Chlorophyll and bile pigments increase the absorption of iron.
Iron Supplements
Slow Fe Slow Release Iron Tablets
Slow Fe Slow Release Iron Tablets 90-Count Box
High Potency. Slow Fe® with its unique controlled delivery system gives you the high potency iron you need with the gentleness you want.
* Gentle to Your System - clinically shown to reduce the side effects (constipation and abdominal discomfort) common to iron use.
* Doctor Preferred Ingredient - Slow Fe contains ferrous sulfate, the ingredient most recommended by doctors.
* Small Tablet - once a day dosage easy-to swallow Slow Fe provides the high dose of iron your body needs.
Formula: Each tablet contains: Active Ingredient - 160 mg. dried ferrous sulfate, SUP, equivalent to 50 mg. elemental iron.
Ferro-Sequels High Potency Iron Supplement Tablets
Ferro-Sequels High Potency Iron Supplement Tablets - 100 each
The effective way to treat iron deficiency. Optimal absorption with less gastric upset. Dual action formula! High potency/Easy to swallow, and they contain low sodium.
Function of Iron in Our Body
Various functions of iron in our body are:
• Formation of haemoglobin (Hb) by synthesis.
• Development of red cells by their formation and maturation.
• Carrying of Oxygen in blood in the form of Hb; 1 gm of Hb carries about 1.34 ml of oxygen.
• Tissue oxidation as cytochrome and indophenol oxidase are iron containing compounds concerned with the oxidation of metabolites in the cells.
• Supply of Oxygen to the muscle, as the myoglobin of muscle is an iron-containing chromoprotein like haeemoglomin, which combines will oxygen and acts as an oxygen store for muscle.
• Cell nucleus function, the chromatin of the nucleus contains iron which takes an active part (may be oxidative) in the functions of nuclei.
• Oxidation in nerve cells, as nissl granules in the cytoplasm of the nerve cells contain organically combined iron, which serves an essential role in oxidation. There granules disappear during activity of the nerve cells, and reappear during rest.
• Prevents fatigue and aids growth. Iron increases resistance to stress and disease.
Natural Sources of Iron
All wholegrain cereals, pulses, legumes, jaggery, fish, and animal foods like egg, liver, meat etc. (except milk, butter), and vegetables like dry lotus stem, cauliflower greens, turnip greens, lentils, peas, green leafy ones and fruits like black currants, water melons, raisins, dried dates are good sources of Iron.
Daily Requirement of Iron
The RDA of 1.0 mg/kg for infants, 20 mg for children, 25 mg for boys, 35 mg for girls, 24 mg for adult men, 32 mg during lactation is suggested. Normal diet provides required need. Adolescent boys/girls, and women during pregnancy and lactation need more of it.
Iron Deficiency
• Iron deficiency causes secondary anaemia (hypochromic), as the haemoglobin content of the red cells is lowered. The size and volume of the red cells get reduced.
• Iron deficient person feel fatigued, lethargic, vulnerable to infections and irritable.
• The deficiency of iron results in lowered resistance to disease, general run out, pale complexion, shortness of breath on exertion, loss of interest in sex, mental depression, and irritability.
• With iron deficiency you might feel colder than others and take time to warm up, as in this condition your body may produce low thyroid hormone (which is one of its heat regulators).
Vitamin B8 Biotin
Vitamin B8 Supplements
Biotin has tremendous effect on yeast and some bacteria making it as a one of the most active biological substance. It is a part of many enzymes. It is easily soluble in hot water, but sparingly in alcohol and cold water.
It can be destroyed by food processing, alcohol, egg white, water, and oestrogen.
Vitamin B8 Supplements
SUPER POTENCY Biotin
SUPER POTENCY Biotin 5000 mcg - Promotes Skin, Hair & Nail Health - 120 Caps
* Super Potency Biotin 5000mcg
* Labolatory tested to meet strict quality control standards for potency and purity.
* One bottle - 120 rapid release capsules
Functions of Biotin in Our Body
• It contributes to our healthy immune system.
• It helps in our digestion, retards and hair graying.
• It maintains nervous system, skin and pigmentation.
• It acts as a coenzyme and helps in decarboxylation.
• It also helps in the deamination of threonine, serine, and aspartic acid.
Natural Sources of Biotin
It is found in abundance in yeast, liver, rice husk, and peanut. It is also produced in the intestines.
Daily Requirement of Biotin
The RDA for Biotin is 0.030-0.10 mg (30-100 mcg) for men and 0.05-0.10 mg (50-100mcg) for women. The Shampoo containing 0.5% of Biotin is used to check hair loss.
Biotin Deficiency
• The deficiency of Biotin results in weakness, pains, laziness, and loss of appetite.
• It causes skin problems, dandruff and hair loss.
Biotin has tremendous effect on yeast and some bacteria making it as a one of the most active biological substance. It is a part of many enzymes. It is easily soluble in hot water, but sparingly in alcohol and cold water.
It can be destroyed by food processing, alcohol, egg white, water, and oestrogen.
Vitamin B8 Supplements
SUPER POTENCY Biotin
SUPER POTENCY Biotin 5000 mcg - Promotes Skin, Hair & Nail Health - 120 Caps
* Super Potency Biotin 5000mcg
* Labolatory tested to meet strict quality control standards for potency and purity.
* One bottle - 120 rapid release capsules
Functions of Biotin in Our Body
• It contributes to our healthy immune system.
• It helps in our digestion, retards and hair graying.
• It maintains nervous system, skin and pigmentation.
• It acts as a coenzyme and helps in decarboxylation.
• It also helps in the deamination of threonine, serine, and aspartic acid.
Natural Sources of Biotin
It is found in abundance in yeast, liver, rice husk, and peanut. It is also produced in the intestines.
Daily Requirement of Biotin
The RDA for Biotin is 0.030-0.10 mg (30-100 mcg) for men and 0.05-0.10 mg (50-100mcg) for women. The Shampoo containing 0.5% of Biotin is used to check hair loss.
Biotin Deficiency
• The deficiency of Biotin results in weakness, pains, laziness, and loss of appetite.
• It causes skin problems, dandruff and hair loss.
Inositol
Inositol Supplements
Inositol is a number of Vitamin B group. It is a crystalline compound, soluble in water and has sweet taste, but is not a carbohydrate. It is stable in heat, but is destroyed by sulphur drugs, alcohol, and coffee.
Inositol Supplements
IP-6 Inositol Hexaphosphate, 800 Mg, 180 Tablets
IP-6 Inositol Hexaphosphate, 800 Mg, 180 Tablets
Inositol hexaphosphate. Supports breast, colon & prostate cells. IP-6 (inositol hexaphosphate) is a component of certain dietary fibers, particularly most cereal grains, legumes, and seeds high in oil. Many researchers believe that some of fiber's health benefits may be due to the antioxidant, immune enhancing, and cardiovascular supporting activities of IP-6 In-vitro and animal research has shown IP-6 to have significant protective and growth regulating effects on various cells and tissues including those of the colon, breast, and prostate. Three tablets of Source Naturals IP-6 contains 2400 mg of IP-6, free of other active ingredients. Only IP-6 in this form has consistently demonstrated positive research results.
Functions of Inositol in Our Body
• It helps in transportation of fat.
• It provides nourishment of brain cells.
• It helps in lowing of cholesterol.
• It promotes healthy hair, and prevents eczema.
Natural Sources of Inositol
Important sources of Inositol are brewer’s yeast, beans, wheat germ, grapefruit, raisins, unrefined molasses, peanuts and cabbage.
Daily Requirement of Inositol
The RDA is considered as 500 mg for children and 1000mg for adults.
Inositol Deficiency
• The deficiency of Inositol may have symptoms of Alopecia or patchy baldness, raised blood pressure, liver hardening and its malfunction, gastritis, eczema.
• Its deficiency in animals can cause alopecia in mice and a peculiar eye (known as spectacle eye condition) in rats.
Inositol is a number of Vitamin B group. It is a crystalline compound, soluble in water and has sweet taste, but is not a carbohydrate. It is stable in heat, but is destroyed by sulphur drugs, alcohol, and coffee.
Inositol Supplements
IP-6 Inositol Hexaphosphate, 800 Mg, 180 Tablets
IP-6 Inositol Hexaphosphate, 800 Mg, 180 Tablets
Inositol hexaphosphate. Supports breast, colon & prostate cells. IP-6 (inositol hexaphosphate) is a component of certain dietary fibers, particularly most cereal grains, legumes, and seeds high in oil. Many researchers believe that some of fiber's health benefits may be due to the antioxidant, immune enhancing, and cardiovascular supporting activities of IP-6 In-vitro and animal research has shown IP-6 to have significant protective and growth regulating effects on various cells and tissues including those of the colon, breast, and prostate. Three tablets of Source Naturals IP-6 contains 2400 mg of IP-6, free of other active ingredients. Only IP-6 in this form has consistently demonstrated positive research results.
Functions of Inositol in Our Body
• It helps in transportation of fat.
• It provides nourishment of brain cells.
• It helps in lowing of cholesterol.
• It promotes healthy hair, and prevents eczema.
Natural Sources of Inositol
Important sources of Inositol are brewer’s yeast, beans, wheat germ, grapefruit, raisins, unrefined molasses, peanuts and cabbage.
Daily Requirement of Inositol
The RDA is considered as 500 mg for children and 1000mg for adults.
Inositol Deficiency
• The deficiency of Inositol may have symptoms of Alopecia or patchy baldness, raised blood pressure, liver hardening and its malfunction, gastritis, eczema.
• Its deficiency in animals can cause alopecia in mice and a peculiar eye (known as spectacle eye condition) in rats.
Vitamin C
Vitamin C Supplements
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is a water-soluble vitamin. It is the most sensitive of all vitamins to heat. It is destroyed by alkalis, copper salts, cooking and canning. Slow cooking is more damaging than rapid cooking, even at raised temperatures. It can be saved in cooking/canning in absence of oxygen.
It is an actively reducing substance present in living tissues, and reduces silver nitrate, ferricyanide, methylene blue etc. Being water soluble it can penetrate every cell membrane, except, the fat cells, and helps to keep the cell membrane intact which is important for the efficient functioning of the cell.
Ascorbic Acid is easily absorbed into the bloodstream from the upper part of the small intestine. The amount of Ascorbic Acid in different tissues: liver, adrenals, pituitary, brain, kidney, spleen and corpus luteum have relatively high concentration; blood cells contain over more than the bloodstream.
Vitamin C Supplements
Vitamin C, 1000 mg, Premium Tablets
Vitamin C, 1000 mg, Premium Tablets, Value Size, 300 premium tablets
This Nature Made product provides vitamin C, a versatile and essential vitamin critical for the proper functioning of our immune system. In addition, vitamin C helps manufacture certain nerve-transmitting substances and hormones while helping absorb and utilize other nutrients, such as vitamin E and iron. Vitamin C also makes collagen, which holds connective tissues together in skin, bone, teeth, and other parts of the body.
Vitamin C is an important and powerful antioxidant that works in the aqueous (water) environments of the body, such as the lungs and lens of the eye. Its primary antioxidant partners are vitamin E and the carotenes (such as beta-carotene), but it also works with the antioxidant enzymes. Vitamin C regenerates oxidized vitamin E and restores the antioxidant potential of vitamin E in the body.
Vitamin C is recommended as part of a daily regimen for women's and men's health, longevity, heart strength, and immunity.
Function of Vitamin C in Our Body
• It fights germs, kills viruses and keeps the effects of pollution, down to minimal.
• It helps the body build healthy new tissue if you get hurt. It helps in body repair.
• It an important role to play in tissue oxidation.
• It is needed for the formation of collagen, which accounts for 25 percent of total body protein.
• It also helps in prevention of common cold and protect against infections are not substantiated.
Natural Sources of Vitamin C
Amla or the Indian gooseberry is one of the richest sources of vitamin C both in the fresh as well as in the dry condition. Guavas are another cheap but rich sources of this vitamin. Other important sources of Vitamin C are fresh fruits and green leafy vegetables.
Daily Requirement of Vitamin C
The RDA (recommended daily allowance) of Vitamin C is 60 mg.
Vitamin C Deficiency
Deficiency of vitamin C results in scurvy. Its common symptoms are swollen and bleeding gums, bleeding into the skin or joints, delayed wound healing, anaemia and weakness.
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is a water-soluble vitamin. It is the most sensitive of all vitamins to heat. It is destroyed by alkalis, copper salts, cooking and canning. Slow cooking is more damaging than rapid cooking, even at raised temperatures. It can be saved in cooking/canning in absence of oxygen.
It is an actively reducing substance present in living tissues, and reduces silver nitrate, ferricyanide, methylene blue etc. Being water soluble it can penetrate every cell membrane, except, the fat cells, and helps to keep the cell membrane intact which is important for the efficient functioning of the cell.
Ascorbic Acid is easily absorbed into the bloodstream from the upper part of the small intestine. The amount of Ascorbic Acid in different tissues: liver, adrenals, pituitary, brain, kidney, spleen and corpus luteum have relatively high concentration; blood cells contain over more than the bloodstream.
Vitamin C Supplements
Vitamin C, 1000 mg, Premium Tablets
Vitamin C, 1000 mg, Premium Tablets, Value Size, 300 premium tablets
This Nature Made product provides vitamin C, a versatile and essential vitamin critical for the proper functioning of our immune system. In addition, vitamin C helps manufacture certain nerve-transmitting substances and hormones while helping absorb and utilize other nutrients, such as vitamin E and iron. Vitamin C also makes collagen, which holds connective tissues together in skin, bone, teeth, and other parts of the body.
Vitamin C is an important and powerful antioxidant that works in the aqueous (water) environments of the body, such as the lungs and lens of the eye. Its primary antioxidant partners are vitamin E and the carotenes (such as beta-carotene), but it also works with the antioxidant enzymes. Vitamin C regenerates oxidized vitamin E and restores the antioxidant potential of vitamin E in the body.
Vitamin C is recommended as part of a daily regimen for women's and men's health, longevity, heart strength, and immunity.
Function of Vitamin C in Our Body
• It fights germs, kills viruses and keeps the effects of pollution, down to minimal.
• It helps the body build healthy new tissue if you get hurt. It helps in body repair.
• It an important role to play in tissue oxidation.
• It is needed for the formation of collagen, which accounts for 25 percent of total body protein.
• It also helps in prevention of common cold and protect against infections are not substantiated.
Natural Sources of Vitamin C
Amla or the Indian gooseberry is one of the richest sources of vitamin C both in the fresh as well as in the dry condition. Guavas are another cheap but rich sources of this vitamin. Other important sources of Vitamin C are fresh fruits and green leafy vegetables.
Daily Requirement of Vitamin C
The RDA (recommended daily allowance) of Vitamin C is 60 mg.
Vitamin C Deficiency
Deficiency of vitamin C results in scurvy. Its common symptoms are swollen and bleeding gums, bleeding into the skin or joints, delayed wound healing, anaemia and weakness.
Vitamin B9
Vitamin B9 Supplements
Vitamin B9 or Folic Acid, also called Folacin and Folate plays important role in the synthesis of the nucleic acids (which constitute the chromosomes). It is also needed for the normal development of blood cells.
Folic acid occurs in food in two forms: free folates and bound folates. The total folates represent both the groups. In man, free folate is rapidly absorbed; primarily form the proximal part of small intestine. The availability of bound folate is uncertain.
Folic acid gets destroyed with overcooking and thus creates deficiency in our body. It undergoes fast destruction on heating in neutral and alkaline medium.
Vitamin B9 Supplements
Folgard Folic Acid Complex
Folgard Folic Acid Complex, 60 Tablets
Folic Acid, Vitamins B-6, B-12 combination is a healthy heart formula.Taste-free and made in easy-to-swallow tablets. Take one Folgard tablet daily, preferably in the evening. Folgard should be taken consistently for optimum benefits.
Folic Acid, 800 mcg, Tablets
Folic Acid, 800 mcg, Tablets, 1000 tablets (Pack of 2)
Folic acid, along with Vitamin B-12, is required for the synthesis of DNA, the principal genetic material in the body. Because of this function, it is important in cell division and the healthy development and structure of red blood cells. Adequate folic acid may reduce a woman's risk of having a child with a brain or spinal cord birth defect, making it an important nutritional supplement for women who are of intend to become pregnant.
Functions of Folic Acid in Our Body
• It is essential for the synthesis of DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) that carries hereditary patterns.
• Its supplementation during pregnancy improves birth weight, and reduces the chances of small for-dates of infants.
• It helps reduce heart disease too and colon cancer.
• It also improves lactation.
• It takes part in the formation and maturation of the red cells.
• Along wit Vitamin B-12 it helps in the synthesis of nucleic acid.
Natural Sources of Folic Acid
Sources of folic acid are liver, meat, dairy products, eggs, milk, fruits, kidney, cauliflower, leafy vegetables and cereals.
Daily Requirement of Folic Acid
The RDA is 100 mcg for adults. The RDA needs to the double during pregnancy. The requirement is very high in conditions of fast cell multiplication, like growing children, pregnancy, infections haemolytic anaemias, and neoplastic disorders.
Folic Acid Deficiency
• Its deficiency causes malnourishment.
• Its deficiency results in megaloblastic anaemia, gastrointestinal disorders, diarrhoea, glossitis, and cheilosis.
• Its high deficiency affects fertility.
• Its deficiency may also lead to loss of libido in males.
Vitamin B9 or Folic Acid, also called Folacin and Folate plays important role in the synthesis of the nucleic acids (which constitute the chromosomes). It is also needed for the normal development of blood cells.
Folic acid occurs in food in two forms: free folates and bound folates. The total folates represent both the groups. In man, free folate is rapidly absorbed; primarily form the proximal part of small intestine. The availability of bound folate is uncertain.
Folic acid gets destroyed with overcooking and thus creates deficiency in our body. It undergoes fast destruction on heating in neutral and alkaline medium.
Vitamin B9 Supplements
Folgard Folic Acid Complex
Folgard Folic Acid Complex, 60 Tablets
Folic Acid, Vitamins B-6, B-12 combination is a healthy heart formula.Taste-free and made in easy-to-swallow tablets. Take one Folgard tablet daily, preferably in the evening. Folgard should be taken consistently for optimum benefits.
Folic Acid, 800 mcg, Tablets
Folic Acid, 800 mcg, Tablets, 1000 tablets (Pack of 2)
Folic acid, along with Vitamin B-12, is required for the synthesis of DNA, the principal genetic material in the body. Because of this function, it is important in cell division and the healthy development and structure of red blood cells. Adequate folic acid may reduce a woman's risk of having a child with a brain or spinal cord birth defect, making it an important nutritional supplement for women who are of intend to become pregnant.
Functions of Folic Acid in Our Body
• It is essential for the synthesis of DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) that carries hereditary patterns.
• Its supplementation during pregnancy improves birth weight, and reduces the chances of small for-dates of infants.
• It helps reduce heart disease too and colon cancer.
• It also improves lactation.
• It takes part in the formation and maturation of the red cells.
• Along wit Vitamin B-12 it helps in the synthesis of nucleic acid.
Natural Sources of Folic Acid
Sources of folic acid are liver, meat, dairy products, eggs, milk, fruits, kidney, cauliflower, leafy vegetables and cereals.
Daily Requirement of Folic Acid
The RDA is 100 mcg for adults. The RDA needs to the double during pregnancy. The requirement is very high in conditions of fast cell multiplication, like growing children, pregnancy, infections haemolytic anaemias, and neoplastic disorders.
Folic Acid Deficiency
• Its deficiency causes malnourishment.
• Its deficiency results in megaloblastic anaemia, gastrointestinal disorders, diarrhoea, glossitis, and cheilosis.
• Its high deficiency affects fertility.
• Its deficiency may also lead to loss of libido in males.
Vitamin E
Vitamin E Supplements
Vitamin E is the generic name for a group of closely related and naturally occurring fat soluble compounds, the tocopherols. Of these, alpha-tocopherol is biologically the most potent.
Natural Vitamin E derived from natural vegetables oil is known as D-Alpha Tocopherol and synthetic one as D-1 Alpho Tocopherol Acetate. It is claimed natural Vitamin E has 36% greater potency, and it remains in the body for a much longer period, and twice as effective as compared to synthetic Vitamin E.
Vitamin E Supplements
Vitamin E 400 I.U. Water Soluble, (300 Softgels)
Vitamin E 400 I.U. Water Soluble, (300 Softgels)
Vitamin E is an antioxidant that fights damaging natural substances known as free radicals. It is incorporated into the fat-based tissues of the body, such as the heart, fat-carrier molecules such as LDL (bad cholesterol), and our cell membranes, where it acts to stabilize these structures and protect them from free radical attack. Vitamin E also protects our cells from compounds such as lead, mercury, and other heavy metals. Vitamin E is complimentary to vitamin C, and it's recommended that people take them together.
Water-soluble vitamin E is preferred for people who have difficulty absorbing fat and may suffer from deficiencies consuming fat-soluble vitamins. Because of vitamin E's strong antioxidant effects, it's an important part of an individual's daily regimen, and addresses heart health, men's and women's health, longevity, prenatal care, memory, and fitness.
Functions of Vitamin E in Our Body
• It prevents frequent miscarriage in women.
• It relieves hot flushes and depression in menopausal women.
• It is essential for normal function of muscles.
• It prevents peroxidation and brown pigmentation due to formation of highly unsaturated fatty acids.
• It prevents hepatic necrosis caused by deficiency of sulphur-containing amino acids and selenium.
• It helps fight against the free radicals, is beneficial for the skin and helps prevent wrinkle formation by preventing the oxidative damage caused by ultraviolet light.
• It acts protective in heart disease and diabetes.
• It prevents tissue damage in case of ischemia and injury, management of leg cramps and rheumatoid arthritis, and has anticoagulant effect.
• It is useful in restricting the oxidative damage caused by cigarette smoking, and checks tissues damages from accelerated free radicals among alcoholics.
• It protects the body from harmful, tumor-promoting chemicals in smoked, pickled and cured foods.
• Vitamin E decreases clotting of blood inside blood vessels, and hence, is beneficial for checking the varicose veins.
Natural Sources of Vitamin E
Vitamin E is available in leafy vegetables, corn, soyabean wheat, and whole grain cereals, and nut and vegetables seeds oil. It is found in milk, egg, fish and muscles. Food rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are often rich also in Vitamin E. The foods of animal origin are generally low in Vitamin E. It is also prepared synthetically.
Daily Requirement of Vitamin E
The average daily requirement is about 8 to 10 mg in males and 7-8 mg in females of Vitamin E.
Vitamin E Deficiency
• Vitamin E deficiency produces muscular dystrophy, resulting in increased uptake of oxygen.
• Low Vitamin E level in the blood can increase the risk for certain cancer of lung, breast and gastrointestinal tract.
Vitamin E is the generic name for a group of closely related and naturally occurring fat soluble compounds, the tocopherols. Of these, alpha-tocopherol is biologically the most potent.
Natural Vitamin E derived from natural vegetables oil is known as D-Alpha Tocopherol and synthetic one as D-1 Alpho Tocopherol Acetate. It is claimed natural Vitamin E has 36% greater potency, and it remains in the body for a much longer period, and twice as effective as compared to synthetic Vitamin E.
Vitamin E Supplements
Vitamin E 400 I.U. Water Soluble, (300 Softgels)
Vitamin E 400 I.U. Water Soluble, (300 Softgels)
Vitamin E is an antioxidant that fights damaging natural substances known as free radicals. It is incorporated into the fat-based tissues of the body, such as the heart, fat-carrier molecules such as LDL (bad cholesterol), and our cell membranes, where it acts to stabilize these structures and protect them from free radical attack. Vitamin E also protects our cells from compounds such as lead, mercury, and other heavy metals. Vitamin E is complimentary to vitamin C, and it's recommended that people take them together.
Water-soluble vitamin E is preferred for people who have difficulty absorbing fat and may suffer from deficiencies consuming fat-soluble vitamins. Because of vitamin E's strong antioxidant effects, it's an important part of an individual's daily regimen, and addresses heart health, men's and women's health, longevity, prenatal care, memory, and fitness.
Functions of Vitamin E in Our Body
• It prevents frequent miscarriage in women.
• It relieves hot flushes and depression in menopausal women.
• It is essential for normal function of muscles.
• It prevents peroxidation and brown pigmentation due to formation of highly unsaturated fatty acids.
• It prevents hepatic necrosis caused by deficiency of sulphur-containing amino acids and selenium.
• It helps fight against the free radicals, is beneficial for the skin and helps prevent wrinkle formation by preventing the oxidative damage caused by ultraviolet light.
• It acts protective in heart disease and diabetes.
• It prevents tissue damage in case of ischemia and injury, management of leg cramps and rheumatoid arthritis, and has anticoagulant effect.
• It is useful in restricting the oxidative damage caused by cigarette smoking, and checks tissues damages from accelerated free radicals among alcoholics.
• It protects the body from harmful, tumor-promoting chemicals in smoked, pickled and cured foods.
• Vitamin E decreases clotting of blood inside blood vessels, and hence, is beneficial for checking the varicose veins.
Natural Sources of Vitamin E
Vitamin E is available in leafy vegetables, corn, soyabean wheat, and whole grain cereals, and nut and vegetables seeds oil. It is found in milk, egg, fish and muscles. Food rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are often rich also in Vitamin E. The foods of animal origin are generally low in Vitamin E. It is also prepared synthetically.
Daily Requirement of Vitamin E
The average daily requirement is about 8 to 10 mg in males and 7-8 mg in females of Vitamin E.
Vitamin E Deficiency
• Vitamin E deficiency produces muscular dystrophy, resulting in increased uptake of oxygen.
• Low Vitamin E level in the blood can increase the risk for certain cancer of lung, breast and gastrointestinal tract.
Vitamin B5
Vitamins B5 Supplements
Pantothenic Acid is a pale yellow oily liquid. It is non crystalline but its crystallized form as calcium salt is easily available. It gets destroyed in acidic and alkaline solutions, but it stable in neutral medium.
Food processing, caffeine, sulphur drugs, sleeping pills, alcohol etc, also destroy it. Recent work indicates a more specific role for pantothenic acid in the biosynthesis of corticosteroids. Human blood normally contains 18 to 35 mg of pantothenic acid per 100 ml.
Vitamin B5 Supplements
Pantothenic Acid Vit B-5 500mg
Pantothenic Acid Vit B-5 500mg, 200 tablets (Pack of 2)
Dietary supplement. Vitamin B-5. Pantothenic acid is a member of the B-Vitamin family, and is often referred to as Vitamin B-5. Its bioactive form, coenzyme A, plays many roles in the body, including the metabolism of proteins, fats and carbohydrates, the production of energy as well as the synthesis of red blood cells and the key neurotransmitter, acetylcholine.
Functions of Pantothenic Acid in Our Body
• It is considered necessary for synthesis of antibiotics, nervous and digestive system.
• It is expected to blacken hair, though not proved.
• It is a part of the enzyme to metabolize protein, carbohydrate and fats and also helps in synthesis of amino acids.
• It is also reported to be responsible for pigmentation of blood cells.
• It is considered beneficial in stress relieving, arthritis, infections, skin disorders, and premature graying.
Natural Sources of Pantothenic Acid
It is widely distributed both in animal and plant foods. It is found in whole wheat, peanut, mushroom, soyabean, brewer’s yeast, peas, molasses, kidney, liver, brain etc.
Daily Requirement of Pantothenic Acid
It is felt that about 4-10 mg for men and 4-7 mg for women of Pantothenic Acid per day would suffice us, since no definite requirement has been worked out.
Pantothenic Acid Deficiency
• Its deficiency may result in dermatitis, fatty liver, degeneration of spinal cord, and gastro intestinal disturbances.
• Its deficiency may also cause dizzy spells, skin disorders and disturbance in digestion.
Pantothenic Acid is a pale yellow oily liquid. It is non crystalline but its crystallized form as calcium salt is easily available. It gets destroyed in acidic and alkaline solutions, but it stable in neutral medium.
Food processing, caffeine, sulphur drugs, sleeping pills, alcohol etc, also destroy it. Recent work indicates a more specific role for pantothenic acid in the biosynthesis of corticosteroids. Human blood normally contains 18 to 35 mg of pantothenic acid per 100 ml.
Vitamin B5 Supplements
Pantothenic Acid Vit B-5 500mg
Pantothenic Acid Vit B-5 500mg, 200 tablets (Pack of 2)
Dietary supplement. Vitamin B-5. Pantothenic acid is a member of the B-Vitamin family, and is often referred to as Vitamin B-5. Its bioactive form, coenzyme A, plays many roles in the body, including the metabolism of proteins, fats and carbohydrates, the production of energy as well as the synthesis of red blood cells and the key neurotransmitter, acetylcholine.
Functions of Pantothenic Acid in Our Body
• It is considered necessary for synthesis of antibiotics, nervous and digestive system.
• It is expected to blacken hair, though not proved.
• It is a part of the enzyme to metabolize protein, carbohydrate and fats and also helps in synthesis of amino acids.
• It is also reported to be responsible for pigmentation of blood cells.
• It is considered beneficial in stress relieving, arthritis, infections, skin disorders, and premature graying.
Natural Sources of Pantothenic Acid
It is widely distributed both in animal and plant foods. It is found in whole wheat, peanut, mushroom, soyabean, brewer’s yeast, peas, molasses, kidney, liver, brain etc.
Daily Requirement of Pantothenic Acid
It is felt that about 4-10 mg for men and 4-7 mg for women of Pantothenic Acid per day would suffice us, since no definite requirement has been worked out.
Pantothenic Acid Deficiency
• Its deficiency may result in dermatitis, fatty liver, degeneration of spinal cord, and gastro intestinal disturbances.
• Its deficiency may also cause dizzy spells, skin disorders and disturbance in digestion.
Vitamins B3
Supplements
Niacin or nicotinic acid is an important vitamin of the B group. It is essential for the metabolism of carbohydrate, fat and protein. It is also essential for the normal functioning of the skin, intestinal and nervous systems. Like other B-vitamins it is also lost in excess of cooking water.
This vitamin differs from the other vitamins of the B-complex group in that an essential amino acid, trytophan serves as its precursor.
The nicotinic acid or Niacin in the body gets converted rapidly to nicotinamide (before it becomes active), which is a part of coenzymes essential for the metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates and fats.
It is absorbed both in stomach and intestine and stored in all tissues. It gets excreted as salts in urine (daily 2-4 mgm) and also as free Niacin in very small quantity.
Niacin can be formed from the essential amino acid Tryptophan. The amino acid Tryptophan gets converted into Niacin in the body. 60 mg of Tryptophan would give 1 mg of Niacin.
Vitamin B3 Supplements
NIACIN (B-3) 1000MG EA 1/100 CAP
NIACIN (B-3) 1000MG EA 1/100 CAP
* EA 1/100 CAP
* Does Not Contain: Corn, soy, yeast, rice, barley, wheat, lactose (milk sugar) and all milk, citrus, fish and egg products. Added flavorings, sugars, salt, artificial sweeteners, colorings, preservatives or salicylates.
Function of Niacin in Our Body
• It is vital for the proper functioning of the skin, intestinal tract and the nervous system.
• It provides for good memory and sound sleep.
• It helps in synthesis of the sex hormones, and also cortisone, thyroxin, and insulin.
• It is essential for growth, metabolism and tissue oxidation.
• It helps in formation of fats from carbohydrates.
• It may reduce plasma lipid concentration.
• It has stimulating effect on central nervous system.
• It produces pronounced transient vasodilatation with flushing of face on therapeutic doses.
• It helps in prevention of pellagral migraine, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, blood clots, and diarrhoea.
Natural Sources of Niacin
Niacin is found in both plant and animal foods. Important sources are groundnut, whole cereals, pulses, liver, meat and fish. Germinated pulses and cereals are rich in Niacin.
Daily Requirement of Niacin
Its daily requirement is 15-29 mg for men and 13-15 mg for women.
Niacin Deficiency
• The niacin deficiencies result in pellagra, a chronic wasting (three D’s) disease, which consists of dermatitis (skin eruptions), diarrhoea and dementia (mental depression).
• Its deficiency also leads to gastro-intestinal disorders.
• Its deficiency may also cause loss of appetite, loss of weight, coated tongue, and sores in the mouth, forgetfulness and anaemia.
Niacin or nicotinic acid is an important vitamin of the B group. It is essential for the metabolism of carbohydrate, fat and protein. It is also essential for the normal functioning of the skin, intestinal and nervous systems. Like other B-vitamins it is also lost in excess of cooking water.
This vitamin differs from the other vitamins of the B-complex group in that an essential amino acid, trytophan serves as its precursor.
The nicotinic acid or Niacin in the body gets converted rapidly to nicotinamide (before it becomes active), which is a part of coenzymes essential for the metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates and fats.
It is absorbed both in stomach and intestine and stored in all tissues. It gets excreted as salts in urine (daily 2-4 mgm) and also as free Niacin in very small quantity.
Niacin can be formed from the essential amino acid Tryptophan. The amino acid Tryptophan gets converted into Niacin in the body. 60 mg of Tryptophan would give 1 mg of Niacin.
Vitamin B3 Supplements
NIACIN (B-3) 1000MG EA 1/100 CAP
NIACIN (B-3) 1000MG EA 1/100 CAP
* EA 1/100 CAP
* Does Not Contain: Corn, soy, yeast, rice, barley, wheat, lactose (milk sugar) and all milk, citrus, fish and egg products. Added flavorings, sugars, salt, artificial sweeteners, colorings, preservatives or salicylates.
Function of Niacin in Our Body
• It is vital for the proper functioning of the skin, intestinal tract and the nervous system.
• It provides for good memory and sound sleep.
• It helps in synthesis of the sex hormones, and also cortisone, thyroxin, and insulin.
• It is essential for growth, metabolism and tissue oxidation.
• It helps in formation of fats from carbohydrates.
• It may reduce plasma lipid concentration.
• It has stimulating effect on central nervous system.
• It produces pronounced transient vasodilatation with flushing of face on therapeutic doses.
• It helps in prevention of pellagral migraine, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, blood clots, and diarrhoea.
Natural Sources of Niacin
Niacin is found in both plant and animal foods. Important sources are groundnut, whole cereals, pulses, liver, meat and fish. Germinated pulses and cereals are rich in Niacin.
Daily Requirement of Niacin
Its daily requirement is 15-29 mg for men and 13-15 mg for women.
Niacin Deficiency
• The niacin deficiencies result in pellagra, a chronic wasting (three D’s) disease, which consists of dermatitis (skin eruptions), diarrhoea and dementia (mental depression).
• Its deficiency also leads to gastro-intestinal disorders.
• Its deficiency may also cause loss of appetite, loss of weight, coated tongue, and sores in the mouth, forgetfulness and anaemia.
Vitamins B1
Vitamins B1 Supplements
Thiamine (Vitamin B1) is a water-soluble vitamin. It is essential for the utilization of carbohydrates. It is one of the most important members of Vitamins in B-Group.
The addition of sodium carbonate in cooking destructs it. Alcohol, caffeine, sulphur drugs and food processing methods also destroy Thiamine. It is stable in acid medium, and can stand short boiling up to 100 degree C. Hence, it is only partly lost in cooking or canning process.
Thiamine is readily lost from rice during the process of milling. Being a water-soluble vitamin, further losses take place during washing and cooking of rice. Much of thiamine in fruits and vegetables is generally lost during prolonged storage. Thiamine is also destroyed in toast and in cereals cooked with baking soda.
Vitamin B1 Supplements
TwinLab - B-1 Caps, 500 mg, 100 capsules
TwinLab - B-1 Caps, 500 mg, 100 capsules
As a dietary supplement, take one capsule daily or as directed by a healthcare professional.
Does Not Contain: Tablet binders, coatings, colorings, corn, soy, yeast, rice, barley, wheat, lactose (milk sugar) and all milk, citrus, fish and egg products, added flavorings, sugars, salt, artificial sweeteners, preservatives or salicylates.
Nature's Plus - Vitamin B-1, 300 mg, 90 tablets
Nature's Plus - Vitamin B-1, 300 mg, 90 tablets
As a dietary supplement, one tablet daily.
Does Not Contain: Artificial color and preservatives. Free from the common allergens yeast, wheat, corn, soy and milk.
Function of Thiamine in Our Body
• It forms the active enzyme and is essential for the utilization of carbohydrate in the body.
• It maintains good appetite and normal digestion.
• It has fundamental role in brain metabolism.
• It prevents constipation, maintains normal blood count and circulation, protects against lead poisoning.
• It improves mental alertness, increases stamina, reduces fatigue, and delays aging effects.
• It is essential for oxidation of sugar in the tissues and brain.
• It helps the enzyme system which is responsible for the synthesis of fats from carbohydrates and proteins.
Natural Sources of Thiamine
Thiamine occurs in all natural foods, although in small amounts. Important sources are whole grain cereals, wheat germ, yeast pulses, oilseeds and nuts, especially groundnut. Meat, fish, eggs, vegetables and fruits contain smaller amounts. Milk is an important source of thiamine for infants, provided the thiamine status of their mothers is satisfactory.
Daily Requirement of Thiamine
Daily requirement of thiamine is 0.5 mg per 1000 kcals of energy intake. The body content of thiamine is placed at 30 mg, and if more than this is given it is merely lost in the urine.
Thiamine Deficiency
• The two principal deficiency diseases are beriberi and Wernick’s encephalopathy.
• Its deficiency also leads to loss of appetite, absence of ankle and knee jerks, and presence of calf tenderness.
• Thiamine deficiency causes neurological and mental disturbances.
• Its deficiency may cause abdominal pains, muscle tenderness, emotional instability, constipation, heart irregularities and irritability.
Thiamine (Vitamin B1) is a water-soluble vitamin. It is essential for the utilization of carbohydrates. It is one of the most important members of Vitamins in B-Group.
The addition of sodium carbonate in cooking destructs it. Alcohol, caffeine, sulphur drugs and food processing methods also destroy Thiamine. It is stable in acid medium, and can stand short boiling up to 100 degree C. Hence, it is only partly lost in cooking or canning process.
Thiamine is readily lost from rice during the process of milling. Being a water-soluble vitamin, further losses take place during washing and cooking of rice. Much of thiamine in fruits and vegetables is generally lost during prolonged storage. Thiamine is also destroyed in toast and in cereals cooked with baking soda.
Vitamin B1 Supplements
TwinLab - B-1 Caps, 500 mg, 100 capsules
TwinLab - B-1 Caps, 500 mg, 100 capsules
As a dietary supplement, take one capsule daily or as directed by a healthcare professional.
Does Not Contain: Tablet binders, coatings, colorings, corn, soy, yeast, rice, barley, wheat, lactose (milk sugar) and all milk, citrus, fish and egg products, added flavorings, sugars, salt, artificial sweeteners, preservatives or salicylates.
Nature's Plus - Vitamin B-1, 300 mg, 90 tablets
Nature's Plus - Vitamin B-1, 300 mg, 90 tablets
As a dietary supplement, one tablet daily.
Does Not Contain: Artificial color and preservatives. Free from the common allergens yeast, wheat, corn, soy and milk.
Function of Thiamine in Our Body
• It forms the active enzyme and is essential for the utilization of carbohydrate in the body.
• It maintains good appetite and normal digestion.
• It has fundamental role in brain metabolism.
• It prevents constipation, maintains normal blood count and circulation, protects against lead poisoning.
• It improves mental alertness, increases stamina, reduces fatigue, and delays aging effects.
• It is essential for oxidation of sugar in the tissues and brain.
• It helps the enzyme system which is responsible for the synthesis of fats from carbohydrates and proteins.
Natural Sources of Thiamine
Thiamine occurs in all natural foods, although in small amounts. Important sources are whole grain cereals, wheat germ, yeast pulses, oilseeds and nuts, especially groundnut. Meat, fish, eggs, vegetables and fruits contain smaller amounts. Milk is an important source of thiamine for infants, provided the thiamine status of their mothers is satisfactory.
Daily Requirement of Thiamine
Daily requirement of thiamine is 0.5 mg per 1000 kcals of energy intake. The body content of thiamine is placed at 30 mg, and if more than this is given it is merely lost in the urine.
Thiamine Deficiency
• The two principal deficiency diseases are beriberi and Wernick’s encephalopathy.
• Its deficiency also leads to loss of appetite, absence of ankle and knee jerks, and presence of calf tenderness.
• Thiamine deficiency causes neurological and mental disturbances.
• Its deficiency may cause abdominal pains, muscle tenderness, emotional instability, constipation, heart irregularities and irritability.
Vitamin Choline
Vitamin Choline Supplements
Choline is a component of lecithin, sphingomyelin, acetylcholine and other phospholipids. It can be easily synthesized in human body from the amino acid methionine, first to ethanolamine to form Choline through transmethylation with the aid of vitamin B12 and Folic Acid.
Choline is considered as a member of the Vitamin B family. It is a colourless, crystalline compound, easily soluble in water and alcohol.
It gets decomposed on boiling. It is absorbed form the intestine and excreted through the urine.
Vitamin Choline Supplements
Citicoline (CDP Choline) 250mg 60C
Citicoline (CDP Choline) 250mg 60C
Citicoline is a naturally occurring, water soluble biological compound that is an essential intermediate for the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine, a major constituent of the grey matter of brain tissue (30%). Citicoline is metabolized to yield the free nucleotide cytidine and choline. Scientific research demonstrates that Citicoline consumption promotes brain metabolism by enhancing the synthesis of acetylcholine, restoring phospholipid content in the brain and regulation of neuronal membrane excitability and osmolarity.
Functions of Choline in Our Body
• It helps in the synthesis of phosphatides in the liver and to a lesser extent in other tissues. Thus choline plays a lipotropic action by preventing the deposition of fats and accelerates the rate of removal of fat from the liver and various other tissues.
• It is required for synthesis of lecithin, sphingomyclin, acetylcholine, which are compounds of immense physicological importance.
• It helps brain cells to produce a chemical that aids memory.
• It is given in diet to lower animals, especially when methionine supply is low, to promote growth, mobilization of fat and physiological processes in them.
Natural Sources of Choline
The Choline is found in abundance in butter, egg-yolk, and nervous tissue.
Choline Deficiency
• Since choline is equally required by lower animals, and not synthesized in their body, the deficiency is reflected in them only through fatty liver, haemorrhagic necrosis in kidneys, anaemia, and hypoproteinemia.
• However the prolonged deficiency of Choline in us can have symptoms of fatty degeneration and cirrhosis of liver atherosclerosis, and raised blood pressure.
Choline is a component of lecithin, sphingomyelin, acetylcholine and other phospholipids. It can be easily synthesized in human body from the amino acid methionine, first to ethanolamine to form Choline through transmethylation with the aid of vitamin B12 and Folic Acid.
Choline is considered as a member of the Vitamin B family. It is a colourless, crystalline compound, easily soluble in water and alcohol.
It gets decomposed on boiling. It is absorbed form the intestine and excreted through the urine.
Vitamin Choline Supplements
Citicoline (CDP Choline) 250mg 60C
Citicoline (CDP Choline) 250mg 60C
Citicoline is a naturally occurring, water soluble biological compound that is an essential intermediate for the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine, a major constituent of the grey matter of brain tissue (30%). Citicoline is metabolized to yield the free nucleotide cytidine and choline. Scientific research demonstrates that Citicoline consumption promotes brain metabolism by enhancing the synthesis of acetylcholine, restoring phospholipid content in the brain and regulation of neuronal membrane excitability and osmolarity.
Functions of Choline in Our Body
• It helps in the synthesis of phosphatides in the liver and to a lesser extent in other tissues. Thus choline plays a lipotropic action by preventing the deposition of fats and accelerates the rate of removal of fat from the liver and various other tissues.
• It is required for synthesis of lecithin, sphingomyclin, acetylcholine, which are compounds of immense physicological importance.
• It helps brain cells to produce a chemical that aids memory.
• It is given in diet to lower animals, especially when methionine supply is low, to promote growth, mobilization of fat and physiological processes in them.
Natural Sources of Choline
The Choline is found in abundance in butter, egg-yolk, and nervous tissue.
Choline Deficiency
• Since choline is equally required by lower animals, and not synthesized in their body, the deficiency is reflected in them only through fatty liver, haemorrhagic necrosis in kidneys, anaemia, and hypoproteinemia.
• However the prolonged deficiency of Choline in us can have symptoms of fatty degeneration and cirrhosis of liver atherosclerosis, and raised blood pressure.
PABA
PABA Supplements
The Para Amino Benzoic Acid (PABA) is structurally similar to sulphonamides. It is also a member of Vitamin B group. It is a white crystalline substance and slightly soluble in water and highly soluble in alcohol.
PABA Supplements
Source Naturals PABA 100mg
Source Naturals PABA 100mg, 250 tablets (Pack of 3)
Dietary supplement. Para-aminobenzoic acid. PABA, or para-aminobenzoic acid, is generally classified with the B-Vitamin family, although it is not itself a vitamin. Its best known role is as a precursor for folic acid production. Folic acid is important in cell division & the healthy development & structure of red blood cells.
Functions of PABA in Our Body
• It is essential for the growth of micro-organisms.
• It prevents the bacteriostatic properties of the drug since it has similar chemical structure as that of sulphonamides.
• It forms a portion of folic acid.
• Its role in human nutrition is not definitely known.
• It is found effective in combination with Inositol and Pantothenic Acid (vitamin B-5) to check premature hair graying, and changing back to black color of the hair.
Natural Sources of PABA
It is found in wheat germ, rice bran and polishing, milk, and in animal tissues.
Daily Requirement of PABA
The exact requirement or supplement is not established but the supply from daily balanced nutritive diet is adequate.
PABA Deficiency
• Its deficiency can be responsible for achromotrichia in man due to change in intestinal micro flora.
• The deficiency of PABA can also cause premature graying of hair.
The Para Amino Benzoic Acid (PABA) is structurally similar to sulphonamides. It is also a member of Vitamin B group. It is a white crystalline substance and slightly soluble in water and highly soluble in alcohol.
PABA Supplements
Source Naturals PABA 100mg
Source Naturals PABA 100mg, 250 tablets (Pack of 3)
Dietary supplement. Para-aminobenzoic acid. PABA, or para-aminobenzoic acid, is generally classified with the B-Vitamin family, although it is not itself a vitamin. Its best known role is as a precursor for folic acid production. Folic acid is important in cell division & the healthy development & structure of red blood cells.
Functions of PABA in Our Body
• It is essential for the growth of micro-organisms.
• It prevents the bacteriostatic properties of the drug since it has similar chemical structure as that of sulphonamides.
• It forms a portion of folic acid.
• Its role in human nutrition is not definitely known.
• It is found effective in combination with Inositol and Pantothenic Acid (vitamin B-5) to check premature hair graying, and changing back to black color of the hair.
Natural Sources of PABA
It is found in wheat germ, rice bran and polishing, milk, and in animal tissues.
Daily Requirement of PABA
The exact requirement or supplement is not established but the supply from daily balanced nutritive diet is adequate.
PABA Deficiency
• Its deficiency can be responsible for achromotrichia in man due to change in intestinal micro flora.
• The deficiency of PABA can also cause premature graying of hair.
PABA
PABA Supplements
The Para Amino Benzoic Acid (PABA) is structurally similar to sulphonamides. It is also a member of Vitamin B group. It is a white crystalline substance and slightly soluble in water and highly soluble in alcohol.
PABA Supplements
Source Naturals PABA 100mg
Source Naturals PABA 100mg, 250 tablets (Pack of 3)
Dietary supplement. Para-aminobenzoic acid. PABA, or para-aminobenzoic acid, is generally classified with the B-Vitamin family, although it is not itself a vitamin. Its best known role is as a precursor for folic acid production. Folic acid is important in cell division & the healthy development & structure of red blood cells.
Functions of PABA in Our Body
• It is essential for the growth of micro-organisms.
• It prevents the bacteriostatic properties of the drug since it has similar chemical structure as that of sulphonamides.
• It forms a portion of folic acid.
• Its role in human nutrition is not definitely known.
• It is found effective in combination with Inositol and Pantothenic Acid (vitamin B-5) to check premature hair graying, and changing back to black color of the hair.
Natural Sources of PABA
It is found in wheat germ, rice bran and polishing, milk, and in animal tissues.
Daily Requirement of PABA
The exact requirement or supplement is not established but the supply from daily balanced nutritive diet is adequate.
PABA Deficiency
• Its deficiency can be responsible for achromotrichia in man due to change in intestinal micro flora.
• The deficiency of PABA can also cause premature graying of hair.
The Para Amino Benzoic Acid (PABA) is structurally similar to sulphonamides. It is also a member of Vitamin B group. It is a white crystalline substance and slightly soluble in water and highly soluble in alcohol.
PABA Supplements
Source Naturals PABA 100mg
Source Naturals PABA 100mg, 250 tablets (Pack of 3)
Dietary supplement. Para-aminobenzoic acid. PABA, or para-aminobenzoic acid, is generally classified with the B-Vitamin family, although it is not itself a vitamin. Its best known role is as a precursor for folic acid production. Folic acid is important in cell division & the healthy development & structure of red blood cells.
Functions of PABA in Our Body
• It is essential for the growth of micro-organisms.
• It prevents the bacteriostatic properties of the drug since it has similar chemical structure as that of sulphonamides.
• It forms a portion of folic acid.
• Its role in human nutrition is not definitely known.
• It is found effective in combination with Inositol and Pantothenic Acid (vitamin B-5) to check premature hair graying, and changing back to black color of the hair.
Natural Sources of PABA
It is found in wheat germ, rice bran and polishing, milk, and in animal tissues.
Daily Requirement of PABA
The exact requirement or supplement is not established but the supply from daily balanced nutritive diet is adequate.
PABA Deficiency
• Its deficiency can be responsible for achromotrichia in man due to change in intestinal micro flora.
• The deficiency of PABA can also cause premature graying of hair.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 Supplements
Vitamin B12 plays an important role in the synthesis of nucleic acid. Deficiency of it causes a disturbance of the DNA metabolism. This vitamin helps in connection with the formation methyl groups and in the reactions of transmethylation as in the biosynthesis of methionine.
Vitamin B12 cooperates with folate in the synthesis of DNA so deficiency of either leads to megaloblastosis. Vitamin B12 has a separate biochemical role, unrelated to folate, in synthesis of fatty acids in myelin.
Vitamin B12 Supplements
Mega B-12 Dots, 5000 mcg
Mega B-12 Dots, 5000 mcg, 60 sublingual tablets
Ingredients - Vitamin B12: 5000mcg
Directions - One tablet daily. For best results, allow tablet to dissolve in mouth before swallowing.
Does Not Contain: No preservatives, fructose, honey, artificial flavors, or colors added.
Methylcobalamin B12
Methylcobalamin B12, Sublingual Vitamin B-12 5000mcg - 120 Tablets
Methylcobalamin is the form of B-12 active in the central nervous system. The liver may not convert cyanocobalamin, the common supplement form of vitamin B-12, into adequate amounts of methylcobalamin the body may need. Nutritional Supports Healthy Blood Cells & Nervous System
Functions of Vitamin B12 in Our Body
• It participates in various reactions in metabolism of fat, protein, and carbohydrates.
• It helps in increasing appetite and promoting growth in children.
• It is essential for regenerating and forming of red blood cells, nerve tissues.
• It is stored in the liver, from where it passes to the bone-marrow and helps in the maturation of red cells. It is thus essential for formation and maturation of red cells.
• It works as a general tonic for the aged persons.
• It facilitates concentration, balance, memory, and disease fighting.
• It increases the white cell count and the platelets through its action in the bone-narrow. It plays an essential role in the synthesis of nucleic acid.
• It maintains normal health and activity of certain parts of the nervous system, by curing pernicious anaemia.
• It influences the formation of lipid from carbohydrate.
Natural Sources of Vitamin B12
Important sources of Vitamin B12 are milk, eggs, liver and meat.
Daily Requirement of Vitamin B12
The recommended daily intake for Vitamin B12 is 1 mcg for adults and 0.2 mcg for children. Vegetarians need to increase the intake of milk or take Vitamin B12 as a supplement.
Vitamin B12 Deficiency
• Its deficiency causes megaloblastic anemia, pernicious (destructive) anemia, demyelinating neurological lesions, infertility.
• Its deficiency affects nervous system and often leads to lack of proper growth, inflammation of tongue, fatigue syndronme and anemic conditions.
• Its deficiency is felt severally in the blood forming tissues of bone marrow and intestinal tract.
• Its deficiency causes hyperglycaemia, mucosal atrophy and inflammation of tongue, mouth, etc, degenerative lesions of the posterior and lateral columns of the spinal cord.
Vitamin B12 plays an important role in the synthesis of nucleic acid. Deficiency of it causes a disturbance of the DNA metabolism. This vitamin helps in connection with the formation methyl groups and in the reactions of transmethylation as in the biosynthesis of methionine.
Vitamin B12 cooperates with folate in the synthesis of DNA so deficiency of either leads to megaloblastosis. Vitamin B12 has a separate biochemical role, unrelated to folate, in synthesis of fatty acids in myelin.
Vitamin B12 Supplements
Mega B-12 Dots, 5000 mcg
Mega B-12 Dots, 5000 mcg, 60 sublingual tablets
Ingredients - Vitamin B12: 5000mcg
Directions - One tablet daily. For best results, allow tablet to dissolve in mouth before swallowing.
Does Not Contain: No preservatives, fructose, honey, artificial flavors, or colors added.
Methylcobalamin B12
Methylcobalamin B12, Sublingual Vitamin B-12 5000mcg - 120 Tablets
Methylcobalamin is the form of B-12 active in the central nervous system. The liver may not convert cyanocobalamin, the common supplement form of vitamin B-12, into adequate amounts of methylcobalamin the body may need. Nutritional Supports Healthy Blood Cells & Nervous System
Functions of Vitamin B12 in Our Body
• It participates in various reactions in metabolism of fat, protein, and carbohydrates.
• It helps in increasing appetite and promoting growth in children.
• It is essential for regenerating and forming of red blood cells, nerve tissues.
• It is stored in the liver, from where it passes to the bone-marrow and helps in the maturation of red cells. It is thus essential for formation and maturation of red cells.
• It works as a general tonic for the aged persons.
• It facilitates concentration, balance, memory, and disease fighting.
• It increases the white cell count and the platelets through its action in the bone-narrow. It plays an essential role in the synthesis of nucleic acid.
• It maintains normal health and activity of certain parts of the nervous system, by curing pernicious anaemia.
• It influences the formation of lipid from carbohydrate.
Natural Sources of Vitamin B12
Important sources of Vitamin B12 are milk, eggs, liver and meat.
Daily Requirement of Vitamin B12
The recommended daily intake for Vitamin B12 is 1 mcg for adults and 0.2 mcg for children. Vegetarians need to increase the intake of milk or take Vitamin B12 as a supplement.
Vitamin B12 Deficiency
• Its deficiency causes megaloblastic anemia, pernicious (destructive) anemia, demyelinating neurological lesions, infertility.
• Its deficiency affects nervous system and often leads to lack of proper growth, inflammation of tongue, fatigue syndronme and anemic conditions.
• Its deficiency is felt severally in the blood forming tissues of bone marrow and intestinal tract.
• Its deficiency causes hyperglycaemia, mucosal atrophy and inflammation of tongue, mouth, etc, degenerative lesions of the posterior and lateral columns of the spinal cord.
Vitamin K
Vitamin K Supplements
Naturally occurring Vitamin K are in two forms:
• Vitamin K 1 (phylloquinone, phytomenadione), which occurs in plants (originally isolated from alfalfa) is supplied in diet gets absorbed with other lipids.
• Vitamin K-2 (flavinoquinone, farnoquinone menaquinone) synthesized by bacteria in colon is absorbed from there and detected in liver.
Different members of K family are synthesized by green plants and bacteria. The artificial synthetic product vitamin K-3 (Menadione) is more potent than the natural variety.
Vitamin K is a fat-soluble, heat stable and withstands cooking. Vitamin K is stored in the liver. It is found that vitamin K stored in liver consists of about one-half from the diet and other half from bacterial production in the intestine. It is absorbed along with fat in the diet. Bile is essential for its absorption. There is hardly any excretion of this Vitamin by the body.
The role of vitamin K is to stimulate the production and/or the release of certain coagulation factors.
Vitamin K Supplements
Super K With Advanced K2 Complex, 90 softgels
Super K With Advanced K2 Complex, 90 softgels
Vitamin K plays a critical role in maintaining healthy bone density by facilitating the transport of calcium from the bloodstream into the bone. Vitamin K is also required by calcium-regulating proteins in the arteries. without adequate vitamin K, calcium in the blood can bind to the arterial wall resulting in calcification.
Function of Vitamin K in Our Body
• It helps to maintain normal prothrombin content in the blood.
• It is essential in prevention of internal bleeding and haemorrhages.
• It is important for the normal functioning of the liver.
• It cheeks excessive menstrual flow in women.
• It acts as protector against cancer, and also in reducing the loss of calcium from the bones, as one grows older and is prone to osteoporosis.
Natural Sources of Vitamin K
Vitamin K is found in abundance in fresh green vegetables like tomato, soyabean, alfalfa, spinach, cabbage, cauliflower, and port liver etc. Corn and soya oil are also good. All fruits and cereals are, however, poor sources of vitamin K. This vitamin is found in small quantities in milk and its products which include curds and buttermilk as well.
Daily Requirement of Vitamin K
The RDA (recommended daily allowance) is 50 mcg for children and 70 mcg for adults. Normal mixed diet supported with synthesis by the bacteria in the gut provides adequate amount of Vitamin K.
Vitamin K Deficiency
• Its deficiency leads to defective blood coagulation and haemorrhages.
• In vitamin K deficiency, the prothrombin content of blood is markedly decreased and the blood clotting time is considerably prolonged.
Naturally occurring Vitamin K are in two forms:
• Vitamin K 1 (phylloquinone, phytomenadione), which occurs in plants (originally isolated from alfalfa) is supplied in diet gets absorbed with other lipids.
• Vitamin K-2 (flavinoquinone, farnoquinone menaquinone) synthesized by bacteria in colon is absorbed from there and detected in liver.
Different members of K family are synthesized by green plants and bacteria. The artificial synthetic product vitamin K-3 (Menadione) is more potent than the natural variety.
Vitamin K is a fat-soluble, heat stable and withstands cooking. Vitamin K is stored in the liver. It is found that vitamin K stored in liver consists of about one-half from the diet and other half from bacterial production in the intestine. It is absorbed along with fat in the diet. Bile is essential for its absorption. There is hardly any excretion of this Vitamin by the body.
The role of vitamin K is to stimulate the production and/or the release of certain coagulation factors.
Vitamin K Supplements
Super K With Advanced K2 Complex, 90 softgels
Super K With Advanced K2 Complex, 90 softgels
Vitamin K plays a critical role in maintaining healthy bone density by facilitating the transport of calcium from the bloodstream into the bone. Vitamin K is also required by calcium-regulating proteins in the arteries. without adequate vitamin K, calcium in the blood can bind to the arterial wall resulting in calcification.
Function of Vitamin K in Our Body
• It helps to maintain normal prothrombin content in the blood.
• It is essential in prevention of internal bleeding and haemorrhages.
• It is important for the normal functioning of the liver.
• It cheeks excessive menstrual flow in women.
• It acts as protector against cancer, and also in reducing the loss of calcium from the bones, as one grows older and is prone to osteoporosis.
Natural Sources of Vitamin K
Vitamin K is found in abundance in fresh green vegetables like tomato, soyabean, alfalfa, spinach, cabbage, cauliflower, and port liver etc. Corn and soya oil are also good. All fruits and cereals are, however, poor sources of vitamin K. This vitamin is found in small quantities in milk and its products which include curds and buttermilk as well.
Daily Requirement of Vitamin K
The RDA (recommended daily allowance) is 50 mcg for children and 70 mcg for adults. Normal mixed diet supported with synthesis by the bacteria in the gut provides adequate amount of Vitamin K.
Vitamin K Deficiency
• Its deficiency leads to defective blood coagulation and haemorrhages.
• In vitamin K deficiency, the prothrombin content of blood is markedly decreased and the blood clotting time is considerably prolonged.
Vitamin D
Vitamin D Supplements
There is a group of Vitamin D of which D-2 (ergocalciferol), and D -3(cholecalciferol) are chief for nutritional purposes.
The synthesis of Vitamin D occurs in the body under the influence of the ultra-violet rays of the sunlight. The epidermal cells of our skin contain large amounts of provitamin D. It is absorbed in the intestine in the presence of bile and fatty acids. Cholecalciferol undergoes transformation first in the liver and then transported via the blood from liver to the kidney where it undergoes another transformation to a compound which is 3-5 time more active than Vitamin D. This transformation takes place solely in the kidney, and this Vitamin D is thus regarded as a kidney hormone.
A study revealed that woman who live in sunny climes or spend a lot of time outdoors have a decreased risk of getting cancer, as Vitamin D from such exposure will slow cancer cell growth.
Vitamin D Supplements
Vitamin D 1,000 IU - 300 Tablets
Vitamin D 1,000 IU - 300 Tablets
Joint Comfort and Strong Bones. Vitamin D helps maintain joint comfort, and helps develop strong teeth and bones. Take one tablet daily with a meal.
Function of Vitamin D in Our Body
• It favors calcium absorption from the intestine by enhancing the rate of active transport of calcium across the intestinal wall.
• It promotes absorption of phosphate.
• It maintains normal structure of bone and helps in resorption of calcium from fully calcified bone and calcification of new bone.
• It governs equilibrium between the bone calcium and blood calcium by controlling mobilization of calcium from the bones.
• It regulates excretion of calcium and handling of phosphate by kidneys.
• It helps in development of normal teeth.
• It is responsible for proper bone growth by promoting endochondral growth of long bones.
• It increases the citrate content of bone, blood and other tissues, and urinary excretion.
Natural Sources of Vitamin D
Vitamin D is unique because it is derived both from sunlight and foods.
• Sunlight: Vitamin D is synthesized by the body by the action of UV rays of sunlight of 7 dehydrocholesterol, which is stored in large abundance in the skin.
• Foods: Vitamin occurs by only in the foods of animal origin. Liver, egg yolk, butter and cheese and some species of fish contain useful amounts. Fish liver oils, although not considered to be a food, are the richest sources of Vitamin D.
• Other sources of vitamin D are foods artificially fortified with vitamin D, such as milk, margarine, vanaspathi and infant foods.
Daily Requirement of Vitamin D
The RDA is 400-800 I.U. (10-20 mcg) for infants below 1 year, 400 I.U. (10 mcg) for children and up to 20 years I.U. (5 mcg) for adults, and 400-800 I.U. (10-20 mcg) for women in latter half of pregnancy and lactating period.
Note: 1 I.U. is equivalent to 0.025 mcg of calciferol.
Vitamin D Deficiency
• Rickets: Vitamin D deficiency leads to rickets, which is usually observed in young children between the age of six months and two years. There is reduced calcification of growing bones. The disease is characterized by growth failure, bone deformity, muscular hypotonia, tetany and convulsions due to hypo-calcemia.
• Osteomalcia: In adults, vitamin D deficiency may result in osteomalacia which occurs mainly in women, especially during pregnancy and lactation when requirements of vitamin D are increased.
There is a group of Vitamin D of which D-2 (ergocalciferol), and D -3(cholecalciferol) are chief for nutritional purposes.
The synthesis of Vitamin D occurs in the body under the influence of the ultra-violet rays of the sunlight. The epidermal cells of our skin contain large amounts of provitamin D. It is absorbed in the intestine in the presence of bile and fatty acids. Cholecalciferol undergoes transformation first in the liver and then transported via the blood from liver to the kidney where it undergoes another transformation to a compound which is 3-5 time more active than Vitamin D. This transformation takes place solely in the kidney, and this Vitamin D is thus regarded as a kidney hormone.
A study revealed that woman who live in sunny climes or spend a lot of time outdoors have a decreased risk of getting cancer, as Vitamin D from such exposure will slow cancer cell growth.
Vitamin D Supplements
Vitamin D 1,000 IU - 300 Tablets
Vitamin D 1,000 IU - 300 Tablets
Joint Comfort and Strong Bones. Vitamin D helps maintain joint comfort, and helps develop strong teeth and bones. Take one tablet daily with a meal.
Function of Vitamin D in Our Body
• It favors calcium absorption from the intestine by enhancing the rate of active transport of calcium across the intestinal wall.
• It promotes absorption of phosphate.
• It maintains normal structure of bone and helps in resorption of calcium from fully calcified bone and calcification of new bone.
• It governs equilibrium between the bone calcium and blood calcium by controlling mobilization of calcium from the bones.
• It regulates excretion of calcium and handling of phosphate by kidneys.
• It helps in development of normal teeth.
• It is responsible for proper bone growth by promoting endochondral growth of long bones.
• It increases the citrate content of bone, blood and other tissues, and urinary excretion.
Natural Sources of Vitamin D
Vitamin D is unique because it is derived both from sunlight and foods.
• Sunlight: Vitamin D is synthesized by the body by the action of UV rays of sunlight of 7 dehydrocholesterol, which is stored in large abundance in the skin.
• Foods: Vitamin occurs by only in the foods of animal origin. Liver, egg yolk, butter and cheese and some species of fish contain useful amounts. Fish liver oils, although not considered to be a food, are the richest sources of Vitamin D.
• Other sources of vitamin D are foods artificially fortified with vitamin D, such as milk, margarine, vanaspathi and infant foods.
Daily Requirement of Vitamin D
The RDA is 400-800 I.U. (10-20 mcg) for infants below 1 year, 400 I.U. (10 mcg) for children and up to 20 years I.U. (5 mcg) for adults, and 400-800 I.U. (10-20 mcg) for women in latter half of pregnancy and lactating period.
Note: 1 I.U. is equivalent to 0.025 mcg of calciferol.
Vitamin D Deficiency
• Rickets: Vitamin D deficiency leads to rickets, which is usually observed in young children between the age of six months and two years. There is reduced calcification of growing bones. The disease is characterized by growth failure, bone deformity, muscular hypotonia, tetany and convulsions due to hypo-calcemia.
• Osteomalcia: In adults, vitamin D deficiency may result in osteomalacia which occurs mainly in women, especially during pregnancy and lactation when requirements of vitamin D are increased.
Vitamins B6
Vitamins B6 Supplements
Vitamin B6 exists in the three forms:
• Pyridoxine
• Pyridoxal
• Pydrioxamine
It plays and important role in the metabolism of amino acids, fats and carbohydrate. Vitamin B6 is absorbed mainly in jejunum, and to some extent an ileum, and colon.
Certain food preservation methods destroy this vitamin B-6. The vitamin B-6 is fast destroyed from foods, when they are preserved for a long time, or cooked, or heated, or exposed to sunlight, or some chemicals are added. Even dehusking of wheat robs it of Vitamin B-6 to the extent of 80-90%.
Vitamin B6 Supplements
Vitamin B-6 Pyridoxine
Vitamin B-6 Pyridoxine 500mg Time Rel, 100 tablets (Pack of 2)
Vitamin B-6 is an essential nutrient which is requires for the metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins. It facilitates the conversion of amino acids from one to another as needed, and is necessary for normal synthesis of hemoglobin and for the normal function and growth of red blood cells. It is also needed for the synthesis of neurotransmitters and for converting essential fatty acids into prostaglandins (chemicals messengers).
Functions of Vitamin B6 in Our Body
• It plays an important part in the metabolism of amino acids, fats and carbohydrates.
• It helps in the synthesis of fats from proteins and carbohydrates.
• It has a vital role in biosynthesis of gamma-amino butyric acid in the brain.
• It is involved in active transport of amino acids and certain irons across cell membranes.
• It is intimately concerned with the metabolism of the central nervous system.
• It is one nutrient which is most essential for maintaining a healthy heart.
• Its daily supplement gives relief from premenstrual syndrome.
• It activates many enzymes and helps in food assimilation.
• It produces antibodies to protect against bacterial diseases.
• It monitors a balance between sodium and potassium, and helps absorption of Vitamin B12.
Natural Sources of Pyridoxine
The Pyridoxine is found in large quantity in liver, meat, egg yolk, kidney, yeast, fish, whole cereals, seeds, banana, peanuts, soyabean, unpolished rice, whole wheat, carrots, potatoes, corn and legumes.
Daily Requirement of Pyridoxine
The RDA (recommended daily allowance) of pyridoxine is 10-125 mg. Elderly people, women pregnant or on pills, and heart patients need Vitamin B-6 in larger quantities.
Pyridoxine Deficiency
• Low intake of this vitamin increases the risk of heart attack and leads to poor immune functions in elderly people.
• Its deficiency may also results in nerve impairment and tingling sensations in hands.
• Its deficiency causes heart disease in women.
• The deficiency of Vitamin B-6 causes atherosclerosis. In such deficiency the blood begins to clot faster and the chances of a heart attack also rise.
• Its deficiency may also cause dizziness, vomiting, glossitis (eruptions on tongue), peculiar dermatitis (acrodynia), reduced growth, degeneration of the nerves, reproductive failure, anaemia, weakness of muscles, convulsive seizures, and cheilosis.
Vitamin B6 exists in the three forms:
• Pyridoxine
• Pyridoxal
• Pydrioxamine
It plays and important role in the metabolism of amino acids, fats and carbohydrate. Vitamin B6 is absorbed mainly in jejunum, and to some extent an ileum, and colon.
Certain food preservation methods destroy this vitamin B-6. The vitamin B-6 is fast destroyed from foods, when they are preserved for a long time, or cooked, or heated, or exposed to sunlight, or some chemicals are added. Even dehusking of wheat robs it of Vitamin B-6 to the extent of 80-90%.
Vitamin B6 Supplements
Vitamin B-6 Pyridoxine
Vitamin B-6 Pyridoxine 500mg Time Rel, 100 tablets (Pack of 2)
Vitamin B-6 is an essential nutrient which is requires for the metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins. It facilitates the conversion of amino acids from one to another as needed, and is necessary for normal synthesis of hemoglobin and for the normal function and growth of red blood cells. It is also needed for the synthesis of neurotransmitters and for converting essential fatty acids into prostaglandins (chemicals messengers).
Functions of Vitamin B6 in Our Body
• It plays an important part in the metabolism of amino acids, fats and carbohydrates.
• It helps in the synthesis of fats from proteins and carbohydrates.
• It has a vital role in biosynthesis of gamma-amino butyric acid in the brain.
• It is involved in active transport of amino acids and certain irons across cell membranes.
• It is intimately concerned with the metabolism of the central nervous system.
• It is one nutrient which is most essential for maintaining a healthy heart.
• Its daily supplement gives relief from premenstrual syndrome.
• It activates many enzymes and helps in food assimilation.
• It produces antibodies to protect against bacterial diseases.
• It monitors a balance between sodium and potassium, and helps absorption of Vitamin B12.
Natural Sources of Pyridoxine
The Pyridoxine is found in large quantity in liver, meat, egg yolk, kidney, yeast, fish, whole cereals, seeds, banana, peanuts, soyabean, unpolished rice, whole wheat, carrots, potatoes, corn and legumes.
Daily Requirement of Pyridoxine
The RDA (recommended daily allowance) of pyridoxine is 10-125 mg. Elderly people, women pregnant or on pills, and heart patients need Vitamin B-6 in larger quantities.
Pyridoxine Deficiency
• Low intake of this vitamin increases the risk of heart attack and leads to poor immune functions in elderly people.
• Its deficiency may also results in nerve impairment and tingling sensations in hands.
• Its deficiency causes heart disease in women.
• The deficiency of Vitamin B-6 causes atherosclerosis. In such deficiency the blood begins to clot faster and the chances of a heart attack also rise.
• Its deficiency may also cause dizziness, vomiting, glossitis (eruptions on tongue), peculiar dermatitis (acrodynia), reduced growth, degeneration of the nerves, reproductive failure, anaemia, weakness of muscles, convulsive seizures, and cheilosis.
Vitamin B2
Vitamin B2 Supplements
Riboflavin is a member of the B group vitamins. It has a fundamental role in cellular oxidation. It is a co-factor in a number of enzymes involved with energy metabolism.
It is a yellow-orange crystalline substance. It is referred to as Vitamin B2, but this is not strictly true, since Vitamin B2 is a complex of several vitamins. It is soluble in water to a limited degree and insoluble in fat-solvents.
Riboflavin is absorbed into the bloodstream through small intestine. It is mainly stored in liver up to one- third of its total quantity.
Vitamin B2 Supplements
Vitamin B-2
Vitamin B-2 Riboflavin 100mg 100 caps
Vitamin B-2 Riboflavin MAintains NorMAl Cell Growth, Vision And Protein Metabolism Vitamin B-2 (riboflavin) is a precursor to coenzymes involved in the growth and repair of skin and tissues lining the gastrointestinal tract.
Functions of Riboflavin in Our Body
• It works as a coenzyme in tissue oxidation and respiration, and is involved in metabolism in protein, carbohydrate and fat.
• It is necessary for normal growth and for the fine conditions of skin and eyes.
• It promotes general health and helps body cells in using oxygen for release of energy from food.
• It renders the urine a green fluorescence.
• It promotes vigor and helps in looking young.
• It prevents constipation and protects eyes against glaucoma. It strengthens the muscles and nerves of the eyes.
Natural Sources of Riboflavin
Its richest natural sources are milk, eggs, liver, kidney and green leafy vegetables. Meat and fish contain small amounts. Cereals (whether whole or milled) and pulses are relatively poor sources but because of the bulk in which they are consumed, the contribute much of the riboflavin to Indian diets. Germination increases the riboflavin content of pulses and cereals.
Daily Requirement of Riboflavin
Daily requirement is 0.6 per 1000 kcal of energy intake.
Riboflavin Deficiency
Riboflavin deficiency almost always occurs in association with deficiencies of other B-complex vitamins such as pyridoxine; it is usually a part of a multiple deficiency syndrome.
• Its deficiency may result in cracking of lip-corner; redness and burning/itching of eyes, vascularisation of the cornea, eyes get extremely sensitive to light; magenta coloured and soreness of the tongue, mouth and throat with burning sensation; scrotal or vulval dermatitis; hyperemia and edema of mucous membranes; glossitis; angular stomatitis; anemia due to red cell hypoplasia of the bone marrow.
Riboflavin is a member of the B group vitamins. It has a fundamental role in cellular oxidation. It is a co-factor in a number of enzymes involved with energy metabolism.
It is a yellow-orange crystalline substance. It is referred to as Vitamin B2, but this is not strictly true, since Vitamin B2 is a complex of several vitamins. It is soluble in water to a limited degree and insoluble in fat-solvents.
Riboflavin is absorbed into the bloodstream through small intestine. It is mainly stored in liver up to one- third of its total quantity.
Vitamin B2 Supplements
Vitamin B-2
Vitamin B-2 Riboflavin 100mg 100 caps
Vitamin B-2 Riboflavin MAintains NorMAl Cell Growth, Vision And Protein Metabolism Vitamin B-2 (riboflavin) is a precursor to coenzymes involved in the growth and repair of skin and tissues lining the gastrointestinal tract.
Functions of Riboflavin in Our Body
• It works as a coenzyme in tissue oxidation and respiration, and is involved in metabolism in protein, carbohydrate and fat.
• It is necessary for normal growth and for the fine conditions of skin and eyes.
• It promotes general health and helps body cells in using oxygen for release of energy from food.
• It renders the urine a green fluorescence.
• It promotes vigor and helps in looking young.
• It prevents constipation and protects eyes against glaucoma. It strengthens the muscles and nerves of the eyes.
Natural Sources of Riboflavin
Its richest natural sources are milk, eggs, liver, kidney and green leafy vegetables. Meat and fish contain small amounts. Cereals (whether whole or milled) and pulses are relatively poor sources but because of the bulk in which they are consumed, the contribute much of the riboflavin to Indian diets. Germination increases the riboflavin content of pulses and cereals.
Daily Requirement of Riboflavin
Daily requirement is 0.6 per 1000 kcal of energy intake.
Riboflavin Deficiency
Riboflavin deficiency almost always occurs in association with deficiencies of other B-complex vitamins such as pyridoxine; it is usually a part of a multiple deficiency syndrome.
• Its deficiency may result in cracking of lip-corner; redness and burning/itching of eyes, vascularisation of the cornea, eyes get extremely sensitive to light; magenta coloured and soreness of the tongue, mouth and throat with burning sensation; scrotal or vulval dermatitis; hyperemia and edema of mucous membranes; glossitis; angular stomatitis; anemia due to red cell hypoplasia of the bone marrow.
Sodium
Sodium Sources, Functions and Deficiency
Sodium is essential for life and is chiefly found in extra cellular fluids and very little inside the cells. This is in reverse order as compared to potassium, which is mainly found inside the cells, and very little in the extra cellular fluids.
The total sodium in a body is equal to 0.1% of body weight, i.e. about 100 mg and is present in all body fluids.
Function of Sodium in Our Body
Sodium is necessary for digestion, and elimination of carbon dioxide. It works in the body either as sodium ions, or as sodium compounds.
As sodium ions its functions are:
• It is essential for the normal function of the cells.
• It is essential for the contraction of the muscles.
• It initiates and maintains contraction of heart.
• It excites nerves, being neuro-excitatory as opposed to calcium ions.
• It helps in glucose absorption and for the transportation of other nutrients across cell membranes.
As sodium compounds its functions are:
• It maintains blood reaction, by acting as buffer and phenomenon of chloride shift.
• It controls reaction of urine, by altering the proportion of acid and alkaline phosphates in the kidneys.
• It regulates reaction of pancreatic juice and bile due to sodium carbonate.
• It maintains osmotic pressure, as sodium chloride is the chief regulator of the pressure of the body fluids.
• It helps in the formation of hydrochloric acid of gastric juice, since sodium chloride takes part in various reactions in the stomach.
• It rectifies defective fat absorption.
• It maintains water balance.
Natural Sources of Sodium
Sodium occurs in many foods like milk and vegetables, and is added as common salts during cooking. It is present in whole meal flour, bread, celery, bananas, water, milk, lotus, dry stem, pulses, and legumes, green and leafy vegetables; beetroot, fruits, fish and meat.
Daily Requirement of Sodium
The daily requirement as sodium chloride is 10-15 mg but normally the consumption is much above this. The requirement of sodium chloride depends upon climate, occupation and physical activity. People engaged in hard work will need more.
Sodium Deficiency
• The sodium deficiency shows reduction in fat deposit, atrophy of muscles and testis, lung infection, retarded bone growth, and reduction in osteoid tissue.
• Depletion of sodium chloride causes muscular cramps, nausea, mental apathy, oedema, and heat exhaustion in hot weather and exertion.
Sodium in Excess
• If taken in excess, it can raise blood pressure, liver cirrhosis, and congestive cardiac disorders, and renal diseases, water retention, even stomach ulcers.
Sodium is essential for life and is chiefly found in extra cellular fluids and very little inside the cells. This is in reverse order as compared to potassium, which is mainly found inside the cells, and very little in the extra cellular fluids.
The total sodium in a body is equal to 0.1% of body weight, i.e. about 100 mg and is present in all body fluids.
Function of Sodium in Our Body
Sodium is necessary for digestion, and elimination of carbon dioxide. It works in the body either as sodium ions, or as sodium compounds.
As sodium ions its functions are:
• It is essential for the normal function of the cells.
• It is essential for the contraction of the muscles.
• It initiates and maintains contraction of heart.
• It excites nerves, being neuro-excitatory as opposed to calcium ions.
• It helps in glucose absorption and for the transportation of other nutrients across cell membranes.
As sodium compounds its functions are:
• It maintains blood reaction, by acting as buffer and phenomenon of chloride shift.
• It controls reaction of urine, by altering the proportion of acid and alkaline phosphates in the kidneys.
• It regulates reaction of pancreatic juice and bile due to sodium carbonate.
• It maintains osmotic pressure, as sodium chloride is the chief regulator of the pressure of the body fluids.
• It helps in the formation of hydrochloric acid of gastric juice, since sodium chloride takes part in various reactions in the stomach.
• It rectifies defective fat absorption.
• It maintains water balance.
Natural Sources of Sodium
Sodium occurs in many foods like milk and vegetables, and is added as common salts during cooking. It is present in whole meal flour, bread, celery, bananas, water, milk, lotus, dry stem, pulses, and legumes, green and leafy vegetables; beetroot, fruits, fish and meat.
Daily Requirement of Sodium
The daily requirement as sodium chloride is 10-15 mg but normally the consumption is much above this. The requirement of sodium chloride depends upon climate, occupation and physical activity. People engaged in hard work will need more.
Sodium Deficiency
• The sodium deficiency shows reduction in fat deposit, atrophy of muscles and testis, lung infection, retarded bone growth, and reduction in osteoid tissue.
• Depletion of sodium chloride causes muscular cramps, nausea, mental apathy, oedema, and heat exhaustion in hot weather and exertion.
Sodium in Excess
• If taken in excess, it can raise blood pressure, liver cirrhosis, and congestive cardiac disorders, and renal diseases, water retention, even stomach ulcers.
Vitamins A
Vitamins A Supplements
Vitamin A is considered as anti-infective Vitamin responsible for fighting disease. It is a fat soluble Vitamin and an essential nutrient for growth and survival. In its natural from it is found in animal fats.
Vitamin A constitutes a family of compounds generally known as retinols. They have a critical role in vision, cell different and maintenance of epithelial cell integrity. The two active metabolites are retinal, the active element of visual pigment and retinoic acid, and intracellular messenger that modulates cells differentiation.
Vitamin A Supplements
Beta-Carotene (Vitamin A)
Beta-Carotene (Vitamin A) 25,000 IU 300 Sgels
Get vitamin A for healthy vision and antioxidant protection for your whole body with beta- carotene! A natural plant pigment that can be converted into vitamin A by the body as needed, beta-carotene also acts as a powerful antioxidant in its own right.
Nature Made Beta Carotene Softgels
Nature Made Beta Carotene Softgels, Equivalent to 25000 I.U. Vitamin A, 300-Count Bottles (Pack of 2)
Equivalent to 25,000 IU Vitamin A. Assists nerve and eye functions. Beta Carotene, stored in the body and converted to Vitamin A as needed, also, participates in tooth and bone formation. No artificial colors.
* Fights free radicals, possibly reducing effects of aging
* Plays a role in immune function
* Recommended as part of men's and women's daily regimen
* Take one soft gel daily with a meal
Function of Vitamin A in Our Body
• It plays a vital role in normal vision.
• It is required for upkeep of epithelial cells i.e., mucous membrane, skin etc.
• It helps in skeletal growth.
• It protects against microbial infections in body.
• It also helps in wound healing.
• It helps in reproduction and gene expression.
• It also acts as antioxidant.
• It plays crucial role in learning by effecting hippocampus cells.
• It helps in promoting healthy hair, teeth, and gums.
• It helps in enhancing permeability of blood capillaries for better tissue oxygenation
• It is also essential for night vision.
Natural Sources of Vitamin A
Vitamin A is widely distributed in animal and plant foods –in animal foods are preformed vitamin A (retinol), and in plant foods are pro-vitamins (carotenes).
• Animal Foods: Foods rich in retinol are liver, eggs, butter, cheese, whole milk, fish and meat. Fish liver oils are the richest natural sources of retinol.
• Plant foods: The cheapest source of Vitamin A is green leafy vegetables such as spinach amaranth. The darker the green leaves, the higher its carotene content. Vitamin A also occurs in most green yellow fruits and vegetables (e.g. papaya, mango, pumpkin) and in some roots (e.g., carrots).
• Fortified foods: Foods fortified with vitamin A (e.g. vanaspathi, margarine, milk) can be an important source.
Daily requirement of Vitamin A
The recommended daily intake of Vitamin A is 750 micrograms for adults.
Vitamin A Deficiency
The signs of vitamin A deficiency are predominantly ocular. They include night blindness, conjunctival xerosis, Bitot’s spots, corneal xerosis and keratomalacia.
• Night blindness: Lack of vitamin A first causes night blindness or inability to see in dim light. Night blindness is due to impairment in dark adaptation.
• Conjunctional xerosis: In this the conjunctiva becomes dry and non-wet table. Instead of looking smooth and shiny, it appears muddy and wrinkled.
• Bitot’s Spots: Bitot’s spots are triangular, pearly-white or yellowish, foamy spots on the bulbar conjunctiva on either side of cornea. They are frequently bilateral. Bitot’s spots in young children usually indicate vitamin A deficiency.
• Corneal xerosis: This stage is particularly serious. The cornea appears dull, dry and non-wet table and eventually opaque. The ulcer may heal leaving a corneal scar which can affect vision.
• Keratomalacia: Keratomalacia or liquefaction of the cornea is a grave medical emergency. The cornea (a part or the whole) may soft and may burst open. The process is a rapid one. If the eye collapses, vision is lost.
Vitamin A in Excess
• An excess intake of retinol causes nausea, vomiting, and anorexia and sleep disorders followed by skin desquamation and then an enlarged liver and papillar oedema.
• High intakes of carotene may color plasma and skin, but do not appear to be dangerous.
Vitamin A is considered as anti-infective Vitamin responsible for fighting disease. It is a fat soluble Vitamin and an essential nutrient for growth and survival. In its natural from it is found in animal fats.
Vitamin A constitutes a family of compounds generally known as retinols. They have a critical role in vision, cell different and maintenance of epithelial cell integrity. The two active metabolites are retinal, the active element of visual pigment and retinoic acid, and intracellular messenger that modulates cells differentiation.
Vitamin A Supplements
Beta-Carotene (Vitamin A)
Beta-Carotene (Vitamin A) 25,000 IU 300 Sgels
Get vitamin A for healthy vision and antioxidant protection for your whole body with beta- carotene! A natural plant pigment that can be converted into vitamin A by the body as needed, beta-carotene also acts as a powerful antioxidant in its own right.
Nature Made Beta Carotene Softgels
Nature Made Beta Carotene Softgels, Equivalent to 25000 I.U. Vitamin A, 300-Count Bottles (Pack of 2)
Equivalent to 25,000 IU Vitamin A. Assists nerve and eye functions. Beta Carotene, stored in the body and converted to Vitamin A as needed, also, participates in tooth and bone formation. No artificial colors.
* Fights free radicals, possibly reducing effects of aging
* Plays a role in immune function
* Recommended as part of men's and women's daily regimen
* Take one soft gel daily with a meal
Function of Vitamin A in Our Body
• It plays a vital role in normal vision.
• It is required for upkeep of epithelial cells i.e., mucous membrane, skin etc.
• It helps in skeletal growth.
• It protects against microbial infections in body.
• It also helps in wound healing.
• It helps in reproduction and gene expression.
• It also acts as antioxidant.
• It plays crucial role in learning by effecting hippocampus cells.
• It helps in promoting healthy hair, teeth, and gums.
• It helps in enhancing permeability of blood capillaries for better tissue oxygenation
• It is also essential for night vision.
Natural Sources of Vitamin A
Vitamin A is widely distributed in animal and plant foods –in animal foods are preformed vitamin A (retinol), and in plant foods are pro-vitamins (carotenes).
• Animal Foods: Foods rich in retinol are liver, eggs, butter, cheese, whole milk, fish and meat. Fish liver oils are the richest natural sources of retinol.
• Plant foods: The cheapest source of Vitamin A is green leafy vegetables such as spinach amaranth. The darker the green leaves, the higher its carotene content. Vitamin A also occurs in most green yellow fruits and vegetables (e.g. papaya, mango, pumpkin) and in some roots (e.g., carrots).
• Fortified foods: Foods fortified with vitamin A (e.g. vanaspathi, margarine, milk) can be an important source.
Daily requirement of Vitamin A
The recommended daily intake of Vitamin A is 750 micrograms for adults.
Vitamin A Deficiency
The signs of vitamin A deficiency are predominantly ocular. They include night blindness, conjunctival xerosis, Bitot’s spots, corneal xerosis and keratomalacia.
• Night blindness: Lack of vitamin A first causes night blindness or inability to see in dim light. Night blindness is due to impairment in dark adaptation.
• Conjunctional xerosis: In this the conjunctiva becomes dry and non-wet table. Instead of looking smooth and shiny, it appears muddy and wrinkled.
• Bitot’s Spots: Bitot’s spots are triangular, pearly-white or yellowish, foamy spots on the bulbar conjunctiva on either side of cornea. They are frequently bilateral. Bitot’s spots in young children usually indicate vitamin A deficiency.
• Corneal xerosis: This stage is particularly serious. The cornea appears dull, dry and non-wet table and eventually opaque. The ulcer may heal leaving a corneal scar which can affect vision.
• Keratomalacia: Keratomalacia or liquefaction of the cornea is a grave medical emergency. The cornea (a part or the whole) may soft and may burst open. The process is a rapid one. If the eye collapses, vision is lost.
Vitamin A in Excess
• An excess intake of retinol causes nausea, vomiting, and anorexia and sleep disorders followed by skin desquamation and then an enlarged liver and papillar oedema.
• High intakes of carotene may color plasma and skin, but do not appear to be dangerous.
Vitamin B12 Cyanocobalamin
Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) is an oxygen carrier; it decreases blood cholesterol; it metabolizes fat. Vitamin B12 is essential in humans for healthy nerve tissues. Its deficiency is associated with heart palpitations.
Please note that it is extremely important to obtain an accurate diagnosis before trying to find a cure. Many diseases and conditions share common symptoms: if you treat yourself for the wrong illness or a specific symptom of a complex disease, you may delay legitimate treatment of a serious underlying problem. In other words, the greatest danger in self-treatment may be self-diagnosis. If you do not know what you really have, you can not treat it!
Knowing how difficult it is to weed out misinformation and piece together countless facts in order to see the "big picture", we now provide simple online access to The Analyst™. Used by doctors and patients alike, The Analyst™ is a computerized diagnostic tool that sits on a vast accumulation of knowledge and research. By combining thousands of connections between signs, symptoms, risk factors, conditions and treatments, The Analyst™ will help to build an accurate picture of your current health status, the risks you are running and courses of action (including appropriate lab testing) that should be considered. Full information is available here.
The term "Vitamin B12" refers to a group of cobalamin compounds, of which the most frequently used is cyanocobalamin. All vitamin B12 found in nature is made by microorganisms (bacteria essentially), and none is found in sterile plants. In the early to mid 1800s, an unrecognized vitamin B12 deficiency was referred to as pernicious anemia because it was almost always fatal. It was not until 1948, though, that researchers finally isolated the active principle in liver now called vitamin B12. The isolation used a charcoal filter that added the stabilizing effects of cyanide, thus cyanocobalamin is one of the major stable forms used today for supplementation purposes.
Source
Food Sources of Vitamin B12. Those who don't like taking supplements can eat fortified foods, including fortified soy milks and rice milks, breakfast cereals, fake meats, sea weeds, one type of nutritional yeast (Red Star Brand Vegetarian Support Formula) and so on. Read labels. The main thing to remember if you rely exclusively on fortified foods is that you have to eat them at least twice each day. Some people prefer this method because it is the most natural. For example, one might have some B12-fortified cereal or soy milk for breakfast, and for supper also a serving of something with B12 in it, like another cup of fortified soymilk or a teaspoon of B12-fortified nutritional yeast.
The best sources of B12 are animal-derived: liver, meat, salt-water fish, oysters, milk, eggs, aged cheese such as Roquefort, and fortified brewer's yeast. Vitamin B12 occurs naturally in the soil and on the surface of unwashed fruits and vegetables. Those on an animal-free diet may wish to eat unwashed, organic produce whenever possible.
There is debate over the reliability of non-animal sources of Vitamin B12. It was found that people on vegan diets had lower levels of serum B12 levels than the general population. In particular, infants breast-fed or fed a macrobiotic diet directly are at a great risk of developing B12 deficiency.
Non-animal sources which claim to have significant amounts of B12 such as tempeh, micro-algaes (spirulina, chlorella), miso, tamari, and sea vegetables (nori, arame, kombu, wakame) have been found to have negligible amounts, or B12 analogues that show up on lab tests, but don't have the activity of real B12.
It should be noted that there are different techniques for measuring the B12 content of foods. Furthermore, the B12 content in fermented foods, such as tempeh, may be different due to varying production techniques. In Indonesia, traditionally-produced tempeh is loaded with B12-producing bacteria which grow on the molds commonly growing on the food. In the U.S., however, large scale production and improved sanitation decreases the mold and bacteria and the subsequent B12 content of the food. The most reliable non-animal, but natural, source of B12 seems to be fortified brewers yeast.
Function; Reasons For UseLike most of the vitamins, B12 is required as a cofactor for various enzymes. Every DNA-synthesizing cell requires vitamin B12. It facilitates the cyclic metabolism of folic acid, which is essential for thymidine (one of the four DNA bases) synthesis. It also transfers a methyl group from methylfolate, helping to convert homocysteine to methionine.
Because plants have no appreciable amounts of B12, vegetarians are often at risk of slowly developing vitamin B12 deficiency.
DirectionsThere appears to be some confusion among practitioners of natural medicine about whether oral, sublingual or intramuscular administration is preferable for patients requiring vitamin B12 therapy.
Blood levels of B12 indicate that sublingual B12 becomes available as early as 15 minutes after administration and are still elevated at 24 hours, suggesting that a once-daily dose of 2,000-4,000mcg would be an effective preventive measure. [Bhat N.K. - Presentation at the 43rd Annual Meeting, American Academy of Allergy and Immunology, 1987]
A year's supply of 1,000mcg vitamin B12 tablets costs under $20, which is less than the cost of going to the doctor's office for injections. On the other hand, patients who are likely to be noncompliant with oral therapy should be seen regularly by a doctor and treated with intramuscular injections.
The current US RDA for vitamin B12 is 6mcg, but less for children and more for nursing and pregnant women. For those suspected of having low B12 levels, 2,000mcg once a day for two weeks sublingually should replenish stores. Those with problems absorbing B12 should continue taking their B12 sublinbgually.
When vitamin B12 is being used for its pharmacological effects, as in the treatment of fatigue, Bell's palsy, diabetic neuropathy, subdeltoid bursitis, or asthma, intramuscular injections appear to be preferable to oral administration. Although there is little published research in this area, clinical observations suggest that orally administered vitamin B12 is not particularly effective against these conditions. It appears that very high serum concentrations are usually needed for vitamin B12 to exert its pharmacological effects, and that these serum concentrations can be achieved only with IM administration.
Long-term B12 Supplementation
B12 supplementation is especially important for those who consume few or no animal products - vegetarians, vegans and raw-food vegans/fruitarians.
There are two basic ways to use supplements - weekly or daily. Probably the simplest method is to chew up one B12 supplement containing 2,000mcg or more once a week. The reason you should ideally chew or let it dissolve under your tongue is to enhance absorption. For some people it is hard to remember to take something once a week and they may prefer to get into the habit of taking something every day, which is more physiologically natural.
If you take your B12 supplement every day then you can take much less - you only need about a 100mcg a day that way. This can be achieved through chewing up the smallest tablet you can find every day, or even just a piece of one tablet.
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamine) can help with the following:
Autoimmune Vitiligo
Because many people with vitiligo also have stomach malfunction, they do not absorb vitamin B12 and folic acid very well. This may be part of the reason why these nutrients, along with vitamin C, are often successfully used as part of a vitiligo repigmentation program. Suggested doses are 5mg folic acid and 1000mg vitamin C, twice daily. For the best chance of success, the vitamin B12 should be given by injection, 1000mcg weekly. Several months are usually required before early repigmentation is seen.
Myasthenia Gravis
To enhance acetylcholine levels take vitamin B12 1000mcg sublingually each day.
Circulation
Atherosclerosis
Diet
A Raw Food/Fruitarian Diet
B12 supplementation is HIGHLY recommended for those on a raw food vegan diet.
A Vegan Diet
B12 supplementation is highly recommended for those on a vegan diet.
A Vegetarian Diet
B12 supplementation is generally recommended for those on a vegetarian diet.
Digestion
Atrophic Gastritis
IBS (Irritable Bowel Syndrome)
Vitamins B12, A, D, E and K along with calcium and a lactose-free diet are often recommended by clinicians treating IBS.
Hormones
Histapenia (Histamine Low)
Infections
Helicobacter Pylori Infection
H. Pylori infection may result in Vitamin B12 deficiency.
Inflammation
Bursitis
Vitamin B12 injections at 1mg daily for two weeks has eliminated pain in the majority of cases of shoulder and hip bursitis.
Lab Values
Elevated Homocysteine Levels
Since most people with a high homocysteine level don't get enough folic acid, vitamin B6 or B12 in their diet, supplementing with these vitamins helps return homocysteine to normal levels.
Mental
Anxiety
Low B12 levels have been found to be related to self-reported overall distress level and specifically to depression, anxiety, confusion, and possibly nervousness as well as to clinically rated depressed and anxious mood. [J Psychosom Res 2000 Feb 1; 48(2): pp.177-85]
Metabolic
Sulfite Sensitivity
Supplementation with B12 may reduce sulfite sensitivity. In one study the oxidative action of vitamin B12 was able to block a sulfite-induced bronchospasm in 4 out of 5 asthmatic children. In another study, the following conditions responded to B12 use: Intractable asthma - 18 out of 20 patients improved; Chronic urticaria - 9/10 improved; Chronic contact dermatitis - 6/6 improved; Atopic dermatitis - 1/10 greatly improved and 5/10 moderately improved with 1000mcg IM once weekly for 4 weeks. [J Allergy 2: 183- 5, 1951]
Blood levels of B12 indicate that sublingual B12 becomes available as early as 15 minutes after administration and is still elevated at 24 hours, suggesting that a once-daily dose of 2000-4000mcg would be an effective prophylactic measure. [Bhat N.K. - Presentation at the 43rd Annual Meeting, American Academy of Allergy and Immunology, 1987]
Not recommended for:
Metabolic Diet Type
Musculo-Skeletal
Muscle Cramps / Twitching
Nervous System
Bell's Palsy
Methylcobalamin, a form of vitamin B12, was compared with steroids in a trial involving 60 patients with Bell's palsy. The shortest time required for complete recovery of facial nerve function occurred in the group receiving Methylcobalamin alone. A therapeutic dose would be a minimum of 1500mcg and a maximum of 6000mcg per day, by injection. It was administered by intramuscular injection 3 times weekly for 8 weeks (or until recovery). The results of this study have not been validated, and administration of methylcobalamin has not become a common treatment.
Cyanocobalamin is reported to have worked in a couple chronic cases at high doses also. [J Indian Med Assoc 33: pp.129- 31, 1959]
Nervous Breakdown Tendency
Chronic mild to moderate B12 deficiency may be associated with nervousness. A study was carried out on 1081 healthy young men aged 17-29 which measured current mental state through the 'Adjective Check List' test. There was a very high correlation (p<0.05) between those found to be chronically deficient in vitamin B12 (based on repeated measures of plasma cobalamin levels) and those who were found to be significantly more anxious.
Nutrients
Vitamin B12 Requirement
Treatment is highly effective. The form of vitamin B12 known as hydroxocobalamin is given by injection into a muscle twice during the first week and then weekly until the anemia and all other symptoms of deficiency have been fully corrected. It may be necessary to stay on a maintenance dosage of vitamin B12 every three months for life to stop the problem coming back.
Organ Health
Hepatitis
Vitamin B12 (with or without folic acid) has been reported in studies from the 1950s to help some people with hepatitis.[1] [2] Vitamin B12 injections are likely to be more beneficial than oral administration, though 1,000mcg taken orally each day can also be supplemented.
[1] Campbell RE, Pruitt FW. Vitamin B12 in the treatment of viral hepatitis. Am J Med Sci 1952;224: pp.252–62
[2] Campbell RE, Pruitt FW. The effect of vitamin B12 and folic acid in the treatment of viral hepatitis. Am J Med Sci 1955;229: pp.8–15
Respiratory
Asthma
In one clinical trial, weekly 1,000mcg intramuscular injections produced definite improvement in asthmatic children. Of 20 patients, 18 showed less shortness of breath on exertion, as well as improved appetite, sleep, and general condition. When given sublingually prior to a sulfite challenge, vitamin B12 appears to be especially effective in cases of asthma caused by sulfite sensitivity.
Skin-Hair-Nails
Hives
Vitamin B12 injections, at least 1000mcg weekly, has been reported to reduce the frequency and severity of urticaria in chronic cases. [J Am Geriatr Soc 1964;12: pp.79-85]
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamine) can help prevent the following:
Aging Alzheimer's Disease
Low levels of vitamin B12 have been linked to an increased risk Alzheimer's disease. [Neurology, May 2000] It remains unclear as to whether B12 supplementation will reduce the risk.
KEY
May do some good
Likely to help
Highly recommended
May have adverse consequences
GLOSSARY
Acetylcholine
A neurotransmitter widely distributed in body tissues with a primary function of mediating synaptic activity of the nervous system and skeletal muscles.
Allergy (Allergies)
Hypersensitivity caused by exposure to a particular antigen (allergen), resulting in an increased reactivity to that antigen on subsequent exposure, sometimes with harmful immunologic consequences.
Alzheimer's Disease (Alzheimer's)
A progressive disease of the middle-aged and elderly, characterized by loss of function and death of nerve cells in several areas of the brain, leading to loss of mental functions such as memory and learning. Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia.
Anemia (Anaemia, Anemias)
A condition resulting from an unusually low number of red blood cells or too little hemoglobin in the red blood cells. The most common type is iron-deficiency anemia in which the red blood cells are reduced in size and number, and hemoglobin levels are low. Clinical symptoms include shortness of breath, lethargy and heart palpitations.
Anxiety
Apprehension of danger, or dread, accompanied by nervous restlessness, tension, increased heart rate, and shortness of breath unrelated to a clearly identifiable stimulus.
Asthma (Asthmatic)
A lung disorder marked by attacks of breathing difficulty, wheezing, coughing, and thick mucus coming from the lungs. The episodes may be triggered by breathing foreign substances (allergens) or pollutants, infection, vigorous exercise, or emotional stress. Extrinsic Asthma is triggered by pollen, chemicals or some other external agent; Intrinsic Asthma is triggered by boggy membranes, congested tissues, or other native causes… even adrenalin stress or exertion.
Atopic (Atopic Allergy)
Genetically predisposed toward developing immediate hypersensitivity reactions to common environmental allergens.
Bacteria (Bacterial, Bacterium)
Microscopic germs. Some bacteria are "harmful" and can cause disease, while other "friendly" bacteria protect the body from harmful invading organisms.
Bell's Palsy
One-sided facial paralysis of sudden onset and unknown cause. The mechanism is presumed to involve swelling of the nerve due to immune or viral disease, with ischemia and compression of the facial nerve in the narrow confines of its course through the temporal bone.
Bronchospasm
Sudden involuntary contraction of the smooth muscles surrounding the bronchial tubes.
Bursitis
The bursa is a fluid-filled pad that allows your muscles to easily slide over other muscles and bones. Bursitis occurs when this pad becomes inflamed. It usually occurs when you overuse or injure a specific joint, but it can also be caused by a bacterial infection. Symptoms include pain and inflammation around joints such as the elbow, hip, shoulder, big toe, ankle or knee.
Calcium
The body's most abundant mineral. Its primary function is to help build and maintain bones and teeth. The body also needs calcium to carry nerve signals, keep the heart functioning, contract muscles, clot blood and maintain healthy skin. Calcium helps control blood acid-alkaline balance, plays a role in cell division, muscle growth and iron utilization, activates certain enzymes, and helps transport nutrients through cell membranes. Calcium also forms a cellular cement called ground substance that helps hold cells and tissues together.
Chlorella
A freshwater, nutritive, single-celled green algae superfood; a regenerative tonic, blood builder, anti-viral, anti-biotic, and anti-carcinogenic that enhances the immune system. It facilitates heavy metals being removed (chelated) from the body.
Cholesterol
A waxy, fat-like substance manufactured in the liver and found in all tissues, it facilitates the transport and absorption of fatty acids. In foods, only animal products contain cholesterol. An excess of cholesterol in the bloodstream can contribute to the development of atherosclerosis.
Chronic (Chronicity)
Usually referring to chronic illness: Illness extending over a long period of time.
Cobalamin (B12, B-12, Cobalamine, Vitamin B12)
Essential for normal growth and functioning of all body cells, especially those of bone marrow (red blood cell formation), gastrointestinal tract and nervous system, it prevents pernicious anemia and plays a crucial part in the reproduction of every cell of the body i.e. synthesis of genetic material (DNA).
Cofactor (Cofactors)
A substance that acts with another substance to bring about certain effects, often a coenzyme.
Cup (Cups)
A unit of volume measurement equal to 8 fluid oz, or roughly 250ml. It also equals 1/2 pint, 1/4 quart and 1/16 gallon.
Dermatitis
A general term used to refer to eruptions or rashes on the skin.
Diabetes Mellitus (Diabetes, Diabetic, Diabetics)
A disease with increased blood glucose levels due to lack or ineffectiveness of insulin. Diabetes is found in two forms; insulin-dependent diabetes (juvenile-onset) and non-insulin-dependent (adult-onset). Symptoms include increased thirst; increased urination; weight loss in spite of increased appetite; fatigue; nausea; vomiting; frequent infections including bladder, vaginal, and skin; blurred vision; impotence in men; bad breath; cessation of menses; diminished skin fullness. Other symptoms include bleeding gums; ear noise/buzzing; diarrhea; depression; confusion.
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid, the large molecule that is the main carrier of genetic information in cells. DNA is found mainly in the chromosomes of cells.
Enzymes (Enzyme)
Specific protein catalysts produced by the cells that are crucial in chemical reactions and in building up or synthesizing most compounds in the body. Each enzyme performs a specific function without itself being consumed. For example, the digestive enzyme amylase acts on carbohydrates in foods to break them down.
Folic Acid
A B-complex vitamin that functions along with vitamin B-12 and vitamin C in the utilization of proteins. It has an essential role in the formation of heme (the iron containing protein in hemoglobin necessary for the formation of red blood cells) and DNA. Folic acid is essential during pregnancy to prevent neural tubular defects in the developing fetus.
Helicobacter Pylori (Pylori)
H. pylori is a bacterium that is found in the stomach which, along with acid secretion, damages stomach and duodenal tissue, causing inflammation and peptic ulcers. Although most people will never have symptoms or problems related to the infection, they may include: dull, 'gnawing' pain which may occur 2-3 hours after a meal, come and go for several days or weeks, occur in the middle of the night when the stomach is empty and be relieved by eating; loss of weight; loss of appetite; bloating; burping; nausea; vomiting.
Hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver usually resulting in jaundice (yellowing of the skin), loss of appetite, stomach discomfort, abnormal liver function, clay-colored stools, and dark urine. May be caused by a bacterial or viral infection, parasitic infestation, alcohol, drugs, toxins or transfusion of incompatible blood. Can be life-threatening. Severe hepatitis may lead to cirrhosis and chronic liver dysfunction.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
A condition that causes upset intestines for a long period of time. It is very unpleasant to the sufferer but tends to be harmless and usually does not lead to more serious complaints. The symptoms vary from person to person and from day to day. In order to be diagnosed with IBS, a person must have at least three of the following symptoms: pain in the lower abdomen; bloating; constipation; diarrhea or alternating diarrhea and constipation; nausea; loss of appetite; tummy rumbling; flatulence; mucous in stools; indigestion; constant tiredness; frequent urination; low back pain; painful intercourse for women.
Liver (Hepatic)
The largest and one of the most complex organs of the body, the liver is responsible for much of the metabolism of fats, proteins and carbohydrates. It is the site of much of the body's detoxification. It is connected very closely with digestion and the regulation of blood sugar, among many other functions. Found behind the ribs on the right side of the abdomen, it has many important functions such as removing harmful material from the blood, making enzymes and bile that help digest food, and converting food into substances needed for life and growth. Hepatic: Pertaining to the liver.
Macrobiotics (Macrobiotic)
A lifestyle and diet adapted from the Far East and made known in America by Michio Kushi. The principles of the diet consist of balancing the yin and yang energies of foods. In brief, yin foods, such as water, are expansive, while yang foods, such as salt or meat, are constrictive. For the most part, the diet consists of whole grain cereals, millet, rice, soups, and vegetable dishes, with beans and supplementary foods depending on the individual and the condition. Different types of cancers are considered either yin or yang, and the macrobiotic program must be adapted to each individual.
Metabolism (Metabolic, Metabolize, Metabolizes, Metabolizing)
The chemical processes of living cells in which energy is produced in order to replace and repair tissues and maintain a healthy body. Responsible for the production of energy, biosynthesis of important substances, and degradation of various compounds. Also defined as the sum total of changes in an organism in order to achieve a balance (homeostasis): Catabolic burns up, anabolic stores and builds up; the sum of their work is metabolism.
Methionine
Essential amino acid. Dietary source of sulfur and methyl groups. Important for proper growth in infants, nitrogen balance in adults, healthy nails and skin and the synthesis of taurine, cysteine, phosphatidylcholine (lecithin), bile, carnitine and endorphins. It is an antioxidant nutrient and lipotropic agent which promotes the physiological utilization of fat.
Microgram (mcg, Micrograms, ug)
0.000001 or a millionth of a gram.
Milligram (mg, Milligrams)
0.001 or a thousandth of a gram.
Neuropathy
A group of symptoms caused by abnormalities in motor or sensory nerves. Symptoms include tingling or numbness in hands or feet followed by gradual, progressive muscular weakness.
Pernicious Anemia
Anemia caused by a vitamin B12 deficiency.
Pharmacological
Involving the use of drugs.
RDA (RDAs, US RDA, USRDA)
Recommended Daily Allowance of vitamins or other nutrients as determined by the FDA. U.S. RDAs are more widely used than RDAs, and focus on 3 age groups: Infants of 0-12 months; Children of 1-4 years; Adults and children of more than 4 years.
Serum
The cell-free fluid of the bloodstream. It appears in a test tube after the blood clots and is often used in expressions relating to the levels of certain compounds in the blood stream.
Steroid (Steroids)
Any of a large number of hormonal substances with a similar basic chemical structure containing a 17-carbon 14-ring system and including the sterols and various hormones and glycosides.
Stomach
A hollow, muscular, J-shaped pouch located in the upper part of the abdomen to the left of the midline. The upper end (fundus) is large and dome-shaped; the area just below the fundus is called the body of the stomach. The fundus and the body are often referred to as the cardiac portion of the stomach. The lower (pyloric) portion curves downward and to the right and includes the antrum and the pylorus. The function of the stomach is to begin digestion by physically breaking down food received from the esophagus. The tissues of the stomach wall are composed of three types of muscle fibers: circular, longitudinal and oblique. These fibers create structural elasticity and contractibility, both of which are needed for digestion. The stomach mucosa contains cells which secrete hydrochloric acid and this in turn activates the other gastric enzymes pepsin and rennin. To protect itself from being destroyed by its own enzymes, the stomach’s mucous lining must constantly regenerate itself.
Sublingual (Sublingually)
Situated or administered under the tongue, for example sublingual glands or sublingual tablets.
Sulfite Sensitivity
A person can develop sulfite sensitivity (allergy) at any point in their life but the cause is often unknown. Sulfites are sulfur-based compounds that are added by food manufacturers and restaurants for many purposes such as reducing discoloration of light-colored fruits and vegetables; preventing black spots on seafood; inhibiting the growth of microorganisms in fermented foods such as wine; conditioning dough; maintaining the stability and potency of certain medications. The most common symptom is difficulty in breathing. Sulfites give off the gas sulfur dioxide, which can cause irritation in the lungs and cause a severe asthma attack for those who suffer from asthma. Responses vary; sulfites can also cause chest tightness, nausea, hives, or even anaphalactic shock.
Teaspoon (Teaspoons, tsp)
Equivalent to 5cc (5ml).
Urticaria (Hives)
Commonly known as hives, urticaria is one of the most common dermatological conditions seen by allergists. Urticaria is not just an allergic disease, however. It can be caused by metabolic diseases, medications, infectious diseases, autoimmune disease, or physical sensitivity. Traditional allergies to foods or medications as well as viral illness are frequent causes of acute urticaria which usually lasts only a few hours but may last up to 6 weeks. Chronic urticaria (lasting more than 6 weeks) is more complex, given the vast number of potential triggers. Symptoms include sudden onset; initial itching; then swelling of the surface of the skin into red or skin-colored welts (wheals) with clearly defined edges; welts turn white on touching; new welts develop when the skin is scratched; usually disappear within minutes or hours. Welts enlarge, change shape, spread or join together to form large flat raised areas.
Vegan (Veganism, Vegans)
A person who consumes no animal products of any kind. In other words, vegans do not consume meat, fish, fowl, dairy products, eggs, honey, or products containing gelatin or any other animal-derived ingredients such as whey powder or food colorings.
Vegetarian (Lacto-Ovo-Vegetarian, Vegetarianism, Vegetarians)
A person who consumes no meat, fish or fowl (chicken, turkey, etc.), but who may consume animal products such as dairy products (milk, cheese, butter, etc.), eggs or honey.
Vitamin B6 (B6, B-6)
Influences many body functions including regulating blood glucose levels, manufacturing hemoglobin and aiding the utilization of protein, carbohydrates and fats. It also aids in the function of the nervous system.
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
A water-soluble antioxidant vitamin essential to the body's health. When bound to other nutrients, for example calcium, it would be referred to as "calcium ascorbate". As an antioxidant, it inhibits the formation of nitrosamines (a suspected carcinogen). Vitamin C is important for maintenance of bones, teeth, collagen and blood vessels (capillaries), enhances iron absorption and red blood cell formation, helps in the utilization of carbohydrates and synthesis of fats and proteins, aids in fighting bacterial infections, and interacts with other nutrients. It is present in citrus fruits, tomatoes, berries, potatoes and fresh, green leafy vegetables.
Yeast
A single-cell organism that may cause infection in the mouth, vagina, gastrointestinal tract, and any or all bodily parts. Common yeast infections include candidiasis and thrush.
Please note that it is extremely important to obtain an accurate diagnosis before trying to find a cure. Many diseases and conditions share common symptoms: if you treat yourself for the wrong illness or a specific symptom of a complex disease, you may delay legitimate treatment of a serious underlying problem. In other words, the greatest danger in self-treatment may be self-diagnosis. If you do not know what you really have, you can not treat it!
Knowing how difficult it is to weed out misinformation and piece together countless facts in order to see the "big picture", we now provide simple online access to The Analyst™. Used by doctors and patients alike, The Analyst™ is a computerized diagnostic tool that sits on a vast accumulation of knowledge and research. By combining thousands of connections between signs, symptoms, risk factors, conditions and treatments, The Analyst™ will help to build an accurate picture of your current health status, the risks you are running and courses of action (including appropriate lab testing) that should be considered. Full information is available here.
The term "Vitamin B12" refers to a group of cobalamin compounds, of which the most frequently used is cyanocobalamin. All vitamin B12 found in nature is made by microorganisms (bacteria essentially), and none is found in sterile plants. In the early to mid 1800s, an unrecognized vitamin B12 deficiency was referred to as pernicious anemia because it was almost always fatal. It was not until 1948, though, that researchers finally isolated the active principle in liver now called vitamin B12. The isolation used a charcoal filter that added the stabilizing effects of cyanide, thus cyanocobalamin is one of the major stable forms used today for supplementation purposes.
Source
Food Sources of Vitamin B12. Those who don't like taking supplements can eat fortified foods, including fortified soy milks and rice milks, breakfast cereals, fake meats, sea weeds, one type of nutritional yeast (Red Star Brand Vegetarian Support Formula) and so on. Read labels. The main thing to remember if you rely exclusively on fortified foods is that you have to eat them at least twice each day. Some people prefer this method because it is the most natural. For example, one might have some B12-fortified cereal or soy milk for breakfast, and for supper also a serving of something with B12 in it, like another cup of fortified soymilk or a teaspoon of B12-fortified nutritional yeast.
The best sources of B12 are animal-derived: liver, meat, salt-water fish, oysters, milk, eggs, aged cheese such as Roquefort, and fortified brewer's yeast. Vitamin B12 occurs naturally in the soil and on the surface of unwashed fruits and vegetables. Those on an animal-free diet may wish to eat unwashed, organic produce whenever possible.
There is debate over the reliability of non-animal sources of Vitamin B12. It was found that people on vegan diets had lower levels of serum B12 levels than the general population. In particular, infants breast-fed or fed a macrobiotic diet directly are at a great risk of developing B12 deficiency.
Non-animal sources which claim to have significant amounts of B12 such as tempeh, micro-algaes (spirulina, chlorella), miso, tamari, and sea vegetables (nori, arame, kombu, wakame) have been found to have negligible amounts, or B12 analogues that show up on lab tests, but don't have the activity of real B12.
It should be noted that there are different techniques for measuring the B12 content of foods. Furthermore, the B12 content in fermented foods, such as tempeh, may be different due to varying production techniques. In Indonesia, traditionally-produced tempeh is loaded with B12-producing bacteria which grow on the molds commonly growing on the food. In the U.S., however, large scale production and improved sanitation decreases the mold and bacteria and the subsequent B12 content of the food. The most reliable non-animal, but natural, source of B12 seems to be fortified brewers yeast.
Function; Reasons For UseLike most of the vitamins, B12 is required as a cofactor for various enzymes. Every DNA-synthesizing cell requires vitamin B12. It facilitates the cyclic metabolism of folic acid, which is essential for thymidine (one of the four DNA bases) synthesis. It also transfers a methyl group from methylfolate, helping to convert homocysteine to methionine.
Because plants have no appreciable amounts of B12, vegetarians are often at risk of slowly developing vitamin B12 deficiency.
DirectionsThere appears to be some confusion among practitioners of natural medicine about whether oral, sublingual or intramuscular administration is preferable for patients requiring vitamin B12 therapy.
Blood levels of B12 indicate that sublingual B12 becomes available as early as 15 minutes after administration and are still elevated at 24 hours, suggesting that a once-daily dose of 2,000-4,000mcg would be an effective preventive measure. [Bhat N.K. - Presentation at the 43rd Annual Meeting, American Academy of Allergy and Immunology, 1987]
A year's supply of 1,000mcg vitamin B12 tablets costs under $20, which is less than the cost of going to the doctor's office for injections. On the other hand, patients who are likely to be noncompliant with oral therapy should be seen regularly by a doctor and treated with intramuscular injections.
The current US RDA for vitamin B12 is 6mcg, but less for children and more for nursing and pregnant women. For those suspected of having low B12 levels, 2,000mcg once a day for two weeks sublingually should replenish stores. Those with problems absorbing B12 should continue taking their B12 sublinbgually.
When vitamin B12 is being used for its pharmacological effects, as in the treatment of fatigue, Bell's palsy, diabetic neuropathy, subdeltoid bursitis, or asthma, intramuscular injections appear to be preferable to oral administration. Although there is little published research in this area, clinical observations suggest that orally administered vitamin B12 is not particularly effective against these conditions. It appears that very high serum concentrations are usually needed for vitamin B12 to exert its pharmacological effects, and that these serum concentrations can be achieved only with IM administration.
Long-term B12 Supplementation
B12 supplementation is especially important for those who consume few or no animal products - vegetarians, vegans and raw-food vegans/fruitarians.
There are two basic ways to use supplements - weekly or daily. Probably the simplest method is to chew up one B12 supplement containing 2,000mcg or more once a week. The reason you should ideally chew or let it dissolve under your tongue is to enhance absorption. For some people it is hard to remember to take something once a week and they may prefer to get into the habit of taking something every day, which is more physiologically natural.
If you take your B12 supplement every day then you can take much less - you only need about a 100mcg a day that way. This can be achieved through chewing up the smallest tablet you can find every day, or even just a piece of one tablet.
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamine) can help with the following:
Autoimmune Vitiligo
Because many people with vitiligo also have stomach malfunction, they do not absorb vitamin B12 and folic acid very well. This may be part of the reason why these nutrients, along with vitamin C, are often successfully used as part of a vitiligo repigmentation program. Suggested doses are 5mg folic acid and 1000mg vitamin C, twice daily. For the best chance of success, the vitamin B12 should be given by injection, 1000mcg weekly. Several months are usually required before early repigmentation is seen.
Myasthenia Gravis
To enhance acetylcholine levels take vitamin B12 1000mcg sublingually each day.
Circulation
Atherosclerosis
Diet
A Raw Food/Fruitarian Diet
B12 supplementation is HIGHLY recommended for those on a raw food vegan diet.
A Vegan Diet
B12 supplementation is highly recommended for those on a vegan diet.
A Vegetarian Diet
B12 supplementation is generally recommended for those on a vegetarian diet.
Digestion
Atrophic Gastritis
IBS (Irritable Bowel Syndrome)
Vitamins B12, A, D, E and K along with calcium and a lactose-free diet are often recommended by clinicians treating IBS.
Hormones
Histapenia (Histamine Low)
Infections
Helicobacter Pylori Infection
H. Pylori infection may result in Vitamin B12 deficiency.
Inflammation
Bursitis
Vitamin B12 injections at 1mg daily for two weeks has eliminated pain in the majority of cases of shoulder and hip bursitis.
Lab Values
Elevated Homocysteine Levels
Since most people with a high homocysteine level don't get enough folic acid, vitamin B6 or B12 in their diet, supplementing with these vitamins helps return homocysteine to normal levels.
Mental
Anxiety
Low B12 levels have been found to be related to self-reported overall distress level and specifically to depression, anxiety, confusion, and possibly nervousness as well as to clinically rated depressed and anxious mood. [J Psychosom Res 2000 Feb 1; 48(2): pp.177-85]
Metabolic
Sulfite Sensitivity
Supplementation with B12 may reduce sulfite sensitivity. In one study the oxidative action of vitamin B12 was able to block a sulfite-induced bronchospasm in 4 out of 5 asthmatic children. In another study, the following conditions responded to B12 use: Intractable asthma - 18 out of 20 patients improved; Chronic urticaria - 9/10 improved; Chronic contact dermatitis - 6/6 improved; Atopic dermatitis - 1/10 greatly improved and 5/10 moderately improved with 1000mcg IM once weekly for 4 weeks. [J Allergy 2: 183- 5, 1951]
Blood levels of B12 indicate that sublingual B12 becomes available as early as 15 minutes after administration and is still elevated at 24 hours, suggesting that a once-daily dose of 2000-4000mcg would be an effective prophylactic measure. [Bhat N.K. - Presentation at the 43rd Annual Meeting, American Academy of Allergy and Immunology, 1987]
Not recommended for:
Metabolic Diet Type
Musculo-Skeletal
Muscle Cramps / Twitching
Nervous System
Bell's Palsy
Methylcobalamin, a form of vitamin B12, was compared with steroids in a trial involving 60 patients with Bell's palsy. The shortest time required for complete recovery of facial nerve function occurred in the group receiving Methylcobalamin alone. A therapeutic dose would be a minimum of 1500mcg and a maximum of 6000mcg per day, by injection. It was administered by intramuscular injection 3 times weekly for 8 weeks (or until recovery). The results of this study have not been validated, and administration of methylcobalamin has not become a common treatment.
Cyanocobalamin is reported to have worked in a couple chronic cases at high doses also. [J Indian Med Assoc 33: pp.129- 31, 1959]
Nervous Breakdown Tendency
Chronic mild to moderate B12 deficiency may be associated with nervousness. A study was carried out on 1081 healthy young men aged 17-29 which measured current mental state through the 'Adjective Check List' test. There was a very high correlation (p<0.05) between those found to be chronically deficient in vitamin B12 (based on repeated measures of plasma cobalamin levels) and those who were found to be significantly more anxious.
Nutrients
Vitamin B12 Requirement
Treatment is highly effective. The form of vitamin B12 known as hydroxocobalamin is given by injection into a muscle twice during the first week and then weekly until the anemia and all other symptoms of deficiency have been fully corrected. It may be necessary to stay on a maintenance dosage of vitamin B12 every three months for life to stop the problem coming back.
Organ Health
Hepatitis
Vitamin B12 (with or without folic acid) has been reported in studies from the 1950s to help some people with hepatitis.[1] [2] Vitamin B12 injections are likely to be more beneficial than oral administration, though 1,000mcg taken orally each day can also be supplemented.
[1] Campbell RE, Pruitt FW. Vitamin B12 in the treatment of viral hepatitis. Am J Med Sci 1952;224: pp.252–62
[2] Campbell RE, Pruitt FW. The effect of vitamin B12 and folic acid in the treatment of viral hepatitis. Am J Med Sci 1955;229: pp.8–15
Respiratory
Asthma
In one clinical trial, weekly 1,000mcg intramuscular injections produced definite improvement in asthmatic children. Of 20 patients, 18 showed less shortness of breath on exertion, as well as improved appetite, sleep, and general condition. When given sublingually prior to a sulfite challenge, vitamin B12 appears to be especially effective in cases of asthma caused by sulfite sensitivity.
Skin-Hair-Nails
Hives
Vitamin B12 injections, at least 1000mcg weekly, has been reported to reduce the frequency and severity of urticaria in chronic cases. [J Am Geriatr Soc 1964;12: pp.79-85]
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamine) can help prevent the following:
Aging Alzheimer's Disease
Low levels of vitamin B12 have been linked to an increased risk Alzheimer's disease. [Neurology, May 2000] It remains unclear as to whether B12 supplementation will reduce the risk.
KEY
May do some good
Likely to help
Highly recommended
May have adverse consequences
GLOSSARY
Acetylcholine
A neurotransmitter widely distributed in body tissues with a primary function of mediating synaptic activity of the nervous system and skeletal muscles.
Allergy (Allergies)
Hypersensitivity caused by exposure to a particular antigen (allergen), resulting in an increased reactivity to that antigen on subsequent exposure, sometimes with harmful immunologic consequences.
Alzheimer's Disease (Alzheimer's)
A progressive disease of the middle-aged and elderly, characterized by loss of function and death of nerve cells in several areas of the brain, leading to loss of mental functions such as memory and learning. Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia.
Anemia (Anaemia, Anemias)
A condition resulting from an unusually low number of red blood cells or too little hemoglobin in the red blood cells. The most common type is iron-deficiency anemia in which the red blood cells are reduced in size and number, and hemoglobin levels are low. Clinical symptoms include shortness of breath, lethargy and heart palpitations.
Anxiety
Apprehension of danger, or dread, accompanied by nervous restlessness, tension, increased heart rate, and shortness of breath unrelated to a clearly identifiable stimulus.
Asthma (Asthmatic)
A lung disorder marked by attacks of breathing difficulty, wheezing, coughing, and thick mucus coming from the lungs. The episodes may be triggered by breathing foreign substances (allergens) or pollutants, infection, vigorous exercise, or emotional stress. Extrinsic Asthma is triggered by pollen, chemicals or some other external agent; Intrinsic Asthma is triggered by boggy membranes, congested tissues, or other native causes… even adrenalin stress or exertion.
Atopic (Atopic Allergy)
Genetically predisposed toward developing immediate hypersensitivity reactions to common environmental allergens.
Bacteria (Bacterial, Bacterium)
Microscopic germs. Some bacteria are "harmful" and can cause disease, while other "friendly" bacteria protect the body from harmful invading organisms.
Bell's Palsy
One-sided facial paralysis of sudden onset and unknown cause. The mechanism is presumed to involve swelling of the nerve due to immune or viral disease, with ischemia and compression of the facial nerve in the narrow confines of its course through the temporal bone.
Bronchospasm
Sudden involuntary contraction of the smooth muscles surrounding the bronchial tubes.
Bursitis
The bursa is a fluid-filled pad that allows your muscles to easily slide over other muscles and bones. Bursitis occurs when this pad becomes inflamed. It usually occurs when you overuse or injure a specific joint, but it can also be caused by a bacterial infection. Symptoms include pain and inflammation around joints such as the elbow, hip, shoulder, big toe, ankle or knee.
Calcium
The body's most abundant mineral. Its primary function is to help build and maintain bones and teeth. The body also needs calcium to carry nerve signals, keep the heart functioning, contract muscles, clot blood and maintain healthy skin. Calcium helps control blood acid-alkaline balance, plays a role in cell division, muscle growth and iron utilization, activates certain enzymes, and helps transport nutrients through cell membranes. Calcium also forms a cellular cement called ground substance that helps hold cells and tissues together.
Chlorella
A freshwater, nutritive, single-celled green algae superfood; a regenerative tonic, blood builder, anti-viral, anti-biotic, and anti-carcinogenic that enhances the immune system. It facilitates heavy metals being removed (chelated) from the body.
Cholesterol
A waxy, fat-like substance manufactured in the liver and found in all tissues, it facilitates the transport and absorption of fatty acids. In foods, only animal products contain cholesterol. An excess of cholesterol in the bloodstream can contribute to the development of atherosclerosis.
Chronic (Chronicity)
Usually referring to chronic illness: Illness extending over a long period of time.
Cobalamin (B12, B-12, Cobalamine, Vitamin B12)
Essential for normal growth and functioning of all body cells, especially those of bone marrow (red blood cell formation), gastrointestinal tract and nervous system, it prevents pernicious anemia and plays a crucial part in the reproduction of every cell of the body i.e. synthesis of genetic material (DNA).
Cofactor (Cofactors)
A substance that acts with another substance to bring about certain effects, often a coenzyme.
Cup (Cups)
A unit of volume measurement equal to 8 fluid oz, or roughly 250ml. It also equals 1/2 pint, 1/4 quart and 1/16 gallon.
Dermatitis
A general term used to refer to eruptions or rashes on the skin.
Diabetes Mellitus (Diabetes, Diabetic, Diabetics)
A disease with increased blood glucose levels due to lack or ineffectiveness of insulin. Diabetes is found in two forms; insulin-dependent diabetes (juvenile-onset) and non-insulin-dependent (adult-onset). Symptoms include increased thirst; increased urination; weight loss in spite of increased appetite; fatigue; nausea; vomiting; frequent infections including bladder, vaginal, and skin; blurred vision; impotence in men; bad breath; cessation of menses; diminished skin fullness. Other symptoms include bleeding gums; ear noise/buzzing; diarrhea; depression; confusion.
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid, the large molecule that is the main carrier of genetic information in cells. DNA is found mainly in the chromosomes of cells.
Enzymes (Enzyme)
Specific protein catalysts produced by the cells that are crucial in chemical reactions and in building up or synthesizing most compounds in the body. Each enzyme performs a specific function without itself being consumed. For example, the digestive enzyme amylase acts on carbohydrates in foods to break them down.
Folic Acid
A B-complex vitamin that functions along with vitamin B-12 and vitamin C in the utilization of proteins. It has an essential role in the formation of heme (the iron containing protein in hemoglobin necessary for the formation of red blood cells) and DNA. Folic acid is essential during pregnancy to prevent neural tubular defects in the developing fetus.
Helicobacter Pylori (Pylori)
H. pylori is a bacterium that is found in the stomach which, along with acid secretion, damages stomach and duodenal tissue, causing inflammation and peptic ulcers. Although most people will never have symptoms or problems related to the infection, they may include: dull, 'gnawing' pain which may occur 2-3 hours after a meal, come and go for several days or weeks, occur in the middle of the night when the stomach is empty and be relieved by eating; loss of weight; loss of appetite; bloating; burping; nausea; vomiting.
Hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver usually resulting in jaundice (yellowing of the skin), loss of appetite, stomach discomfort, abnormal liver function, clay-colored stools, and dark urine. May be caused by a bacterial or viral infection, parasitic infestation, alcohol, drugs, toxins or transfusion of incompatible blood. Can be life-threatening. Severe hepatitis may lead to cirrhosis and chronic liver dysfunction.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
A condition that causes upset intestines for a long period of time. It is very unpleasant to the sufferer but tends to be harmless and usually does not lead to more serious complaints. The symptoms vary from person to person and from day to day. In order to be diagnosed with IBS, a person must have at least three of the following symptoms: pain in the lower abdomen; bloating; constipation; diarrhea or alternating diarrhea and constipation; nausea; loss of appetite; tummy rumbling; flatulence; mucous in stools; indigestion; constant tiredness; frequent urination; low back pain; painful intercourse for women.
Liver (Hepatic)
The largest and one of the most complex organs of the body, the liver is responsible for much of the metabolism of fats, proteins and carbohydrates. It is the site of much of the body's detoxification. It is connected very closely with digestion and the regulation of blood sugar, among many other functions. Found behind the ribs on the right side of the abdomen, it has many important functions such as removing harmful material from the blood, making enzymes and bile that help digest food, and converting food into substances needed for life and growth. Hepatic: Pertaining to the liver.
Macrobiotics (Macrobiotic)
A lifestyle and diet adapted from the Far East and made known in America by Michio Kushi. The principles of the diet consist of balancing the yin and yang energies of foods. In brief, yin foods, such as water, are expansive, while yang foods, such as salt or meat, are constrictive. For the most part, the diet consists of whole grain cereals, millet, rice, soups, and vegetable dishes, with beans and supplementary foods depending on the individual and the condition. Different types of cancers are considered either yin or yang, and the macrobiotic program must be adapted to each individual.
Metabolism (Metabolic, Metabolize, Metabolizes, Metabolizing)
The chemical processes of living cells in which energy is produced in order to replace and repair tissues and maintain a healthy body. Responsible for the production of energy, biosynthesis of important substances, and degradation of various compounds. Also defined as the sum total of changes in an organism in order to achieve a balance (homeostasis): Catabolic burns up, anabolic stores and builds up; the sum of their work is metabolism.
Methionine
Essential amino acid. Dietary source of sulfur and methyl groups. Important for proper growth in infants, nitrogen balance in adults, healthy nails and skin and the synthesis of taurine, cysteine, phosphatidylcholine (lecithin), bile, carnitine and endorphins. It is an antioxidant nutrient and lipotropic agent which promotes the physiological utilization of fat.
Microgram (mcg, Micrograms, ug)
0.000001 or a millionth of a gram.
Milligram (mg, Milligrams)
0.001 or a thousandth of a gram.
Neuropathy
A group of symptoms caused by abnormalities in motor or sensory nerves. Symptoms include tingling or numbness in hands or feet followed by gradual, progressive muscular weakness.
Pernicious Anemia
Anemia caused by a vitamin B12 deficiency.
Pharmacological
Involving the use of drugs.
RDA (RDAs, US RDA, USRDA)
Recommended Daily Allowance of vitamins or other nutrients as determined by the FDA. U.S. RDAs are more widely used than RDAs, and focus on 3 age groups: Infants of 0-12 months; Children of 1-4 years; Adults and children of more than 4 years.
Serum
The cell-free fluid of the bloodstream. It appears in a test tube after the blood clots and is often used in expressions relating to the levels of certain compounds in the blood stream.
Steroid (Steroids)
Any of a large number of hormonal substances with a similar basic chemical structure containing a 17-carbon 14-ring system and including the sterols and various hormones and glycosides.
Stomach
A hollow, muscular, J-shaped pouch located in the upper part of the abdomen to the left of the midline. The upper end (fundus) is large and dome-shaped; the area just below the fundus is called the body of the stomach. The fundus and the body are often referred to as the cardiac portion of the stomach. The lower (pyloric) portion curves downward and to the right and includes the antrum and the pylorus. The function of the stomach is to begin digestion by physically breaking down food received from the esophagus. The tissues of the stomach wall are composed of three types of muscle fibers: circular, longitudinal and oblique. These fibers create structural elasticity and contractibility, both of which are needed for digestion. The stomach mucosa contains cells which secrete hydrochloric acid and this in turn activates the other gastric enzymes pepsin and rennin. To protect itself from being destroyed by its own enzymes, the stomach’s mucous lining must constantly regenerate itself.
Sublingual (Sublingually)
Situated or administered under the tongue, for example sublingual glands or sublingual tablets.
Sulfite Sensitivity
A person can develop sulfite sensitivity (allergy) at any point in their life but the cause is often unknown. Sulfites are sulfur-based compounds that are added by food manufacturers and restaurants for many purposes such as reducing discoloration of light-colored fruits and vegetables; preventing black spots on seafood; inhibiting the growth of microorganisms in fermented foods such as wine; conditioning dough; maintaining the stability and potency of certain medications. The most common symptom is difficulty in breathing. Sulfites give off the gas sulfur dioxide, which can cause irritation in the lungs and cause a severe asthma attack for those who suffer from asthma. Responses vary; sulfites can also cause chest tightness, nausea, hives, or even anaphalactic shock.
Teaspoon (Teaspoons, tsp)
Equivalent to 5cc (5ml).
Urticaria (Hives)
Commonly known as hives, urticaria is one of the most common dermatological conditions seen by allergists. Urticaria is not just an allergic disease, however. It can be caused by metabolic diseases, medications, infectious diseases, autoimmune disease, or physical sensitivity. Traditional allergies to foods or medications as well as viral illness are frequent causes of acute urticaria which usually lasts only a few hours but may last up to 6 weeks. Chronic urticaria (lasting more than 6 weeks) is more complex, given the vast number of potential triggers. Symptoms include sudden onset; initial itching; then swelling of the surface of the skin into red or skin-colored welts (wheals) with clearly defined edges; welts turn white on touching; new welts develop when the skin is scratched; usually disappear within minutes or hours. Welts enlarge, change shape, spread or join together to form large flat raised areas.
Vegan (Veganism, Vegans)
A person who consumes no animal products of any kind. In other words, vegans do not consume meat, fish, fowl, dairy products, eggs, honey, or products containing gelatin or any other animal-derived ingredients such as whey powder or food colorings.
Vegetarian (Lacto-Ovo-Vegetarian, Vegetarianism, Vegetarians)
A person who consumes no meat, fish or fowl (chicken, turkey, etc.), but who may consume animal products such as dairy products (milk, cheese, butter, etc.), eggs or honey.
Vitamin B6 (B6, B-6)
Influences many body functions including regulating blood glucose levels, manufacturing hemoglobin and aiding the utilization of protein, carbohydrates and fats. It also aids in the function of the nervous system.
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
A water-soluble antioxidant vitamin essential to the body's health. When bound to other nutrients, for example calcium, it would be referred to as "calcium ascorbate". As an antioxidant, it inhibits the formation of nitrosamines (a suspected carcinogen). Vitamin C is important for maintenance of bones, teeth, collagen and blood vessels (capillaries), enhances iron absorption and red blood cell formation, helps in the utilization of carbohydrates and synthesis of fats and proteins, aids in fighting bacterial infections, and interacts with other nutrients. It is present in citrus fruits, tomatoes, berries, potatoes and fresh, green leafy vegetables.
Yeast
A single-cell organism that may cause infection in the mouth, vagina, gastrointestinal tract, and any or all bodily parts. Common yeast infections include candidiasis and thrush.
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